Employees relying upon the advice of their corporate counsel may not assert the advice-of-counsel defense in civil suits unless their employer agrees to waive the attorney-client privilege. In one of the few cases to address this issue, the court in United States v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
The U.S. government sued Wells Fargo in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for alleged violations of the False Claims Act and the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act.
The district court granted the protective order, holding that the corporation's assertion of the attorney-client privilege foreclosed the vice president's advice-of-counsel defense.
Leaders of the ABA Section of Litigation agree that the district court's decision may have a chilling effect. “This [decision] could result in reticence to seek advice from company counsel or to disclose potential issues to counsel, which is clearly harmful to the company from both a legal and a business standpoint,” says Emily C.
United States v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Civ. A. No. 12-7527 (JMF), 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 126881 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 22, 2015).
Federal prosecutors may have executed this search warrant for the premises of an attorney because Cohen may be a subject of an investigation. But, as an attorney, he is also engaged in the practice of law on behalf of clients — clients whose privileged materials are now in the possession of federal agents.
Cohen's office potentially contains documents and communications to all his clients — not just Trump — that are privileged and confidential. The documents must be reviewed for privilege claims, and privileged documents are supposed to be returned to the attorney from whom they were seized.