states where paralegals can work independently without attorney

by Ottis Batz 8 min read

In two states, Washington and Utah, some form of licensing exists for paralegals and other non-attorney roles in the legal field, according to the American Bar Association. That doesn’t mean that all paralegals in these states must be licensed.

Full Answer

Can a paralegal be licensed outside of a law firm?

Aug 24, 2017 · the paralegal's supervising attorney. The paralegal shall be responsible for keeping a record of the paralegal's certifications.12 2016: The 2015 Report and Recommendations for Closing the Justice Gap including studying the design of a pilot program, in one subject matter, for a LLLT type program. The recommendations also include

Can I advertise as an independent paralegal?

paralegals in the context of employment by an attorney. 2. Additionally, Rule 7.6 Professional Cards of Nonlawyers specifically states information must clearly define the role of nonlawyer as “Legal Assistant.” Comments section includes paralegals specifically, among others. 3. Unauthorized Practice of Law . Type of Regulation . Regulation ...

Do paralegals need to be licensed in California?

The only gray points that exist are in a few states (California, Arizona and Washington) where paralegals that choose to offer certain services independently, would be required to be registered, certified or licensed.

Which states have voluntary Paralegal Certification?

Feb 11, 2013 · Currently, only one state, Arizona, requires licensing for paralegals working without the supervision of an attorney. Several states however offer voluntary licensing for those who wish to call themselves a paralegal.

What can a paralegal do without an attorney in California?

Similarly, paralegals may not “[s]elect, explain, draft, or recommend the use of any legal document” to anyone other than their supervising attorneys. Id. § 6450(b)(3). While paralegals can perform “substantial legal work,” they must do so “under the direction and supervision” of a licensed attorney.Nov 24, 2012

Can paralegals work independently in California?

However, Business and Professions Code §6450 does set forth educational requirements which California paralegals must satisfy. A contract or freelance paralegal is someone who performs substantive legal work for law firms or corporations, or other entities but is self-employed.

What is the main argument against licensing of paralegals?

Finally, many opponents to licensure argue that the very nature of what is expected of paralegals requires them to have a higher level of education and expertise than in years past, and as a result, attorneys are setting a higher bar for employment.

Can paralegals practice law in Texas?

Paralegals are prohibited from practicing law, to do otherwise is to engage in the unauthorized practice of law (UPL), which is illegal. Substantive legal work performed by a paralegal under the direction and supervision of an attorney who is licensed to practice law is not UPL.

Can a paralegal work independently?

A paralegal is someone who has knowledge of the law and can work independently as a legal assistant.

Can paralegals practice law in California?

Neither paralegals nor LDAs are permitted to engage in the practice of law. LDAs are not lawyers and do not offer legal advice, discuss legal strategies, answer questions of a legal nature, select forms for the consumer, or appear in court on the consumer's behalf.Apr 14, 2020

How much do paralegals make?

$56,610 per yearAccording to 2020 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), legal assistants/paralegals earn an average salary of $56,610 per year ($27.22 per hour). Average pay will vary based on the state in which you are employed, the education you've earned and level of experience in the field.

What is Nala and NFPA?

The National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA) and the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA) are both well-respected professional organizations for legal assistants, but the main difference between the NALA and the NFPA lies in the organizational missions of each association.

What is required to be a paralegal in California?

A paralegal certificate from a school approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). A bachelor's degree or higher in any subject AND a minimum of one year of experience working under an attorney with a minimum of three years of experience in California law.Jan 21, 2021

Can a non lawyer give legal advice?

Thus, a non-lawyer may sell legal forms, provide general instructions for filling out the forms, and provide typing services for the entry of information into forms, provided no legal advice is given.

Can a paralegal draft a will in Texas?

Paralegals can and do draft most of the initial legal documents on your case. We just can't sign them. Most attorneys will have the paralegals draft the majority of the initial paperwork then the attorneys read over those drafts and make any necessary changes.Aug 27, 2014

How might a paralegal engage in the unauthorized practice of law?

A Paralegal Is Guilty of the Unauthorized Practice of Law by Preparing Documents for Litigation and Providing Legal Advice without Supervision by a Licensed New Jersey Attorney.Dec 5, 2019

What are the advantages of removing attorney supervision?

A direct advantage of removing attorney supervision, is that those that are for licensing and against mandated attorney supervision, is that it can open up the level of legal care available to lower class, lower income parties.

Can a paralegal work without an attorney?

Since paralegals are often unlicensed, and thus unregulated, they are usually defined in somewhat reductive terms, mainly in the means by which their actions in the legal industry are restrained and restricted.

Can a paralegal practice outside of an attorney's supervision?

However, there are jurisdictions where paralegals have historically been allowed to practice outside of an attorney’s supervision, usually in the role of aiding in document preparation. Very few jurisdictions have gone on to license independent paralegals, with California being the main example in its licensing of Legal Document Assistants, ...

Do attorneys have to pass a bar exam?

The central belief behind this mandate is that attorneys are licensed, having passed a local bar exam, and are ultimately responsible for the strategy implemented that directs paralegals, and who must ultimately place their name on any work completed by a paralegal, thus giving them a level of ownership by oversight.

What is Rule 35 of the New Hampshire Supreme Court?

Rule 35 of the New Hampshire Supreme Court Administrative Rules (Guidelines for the Utilization by Lawyers of the Services of Legal Assistants under the New Hampshire Rules of Professional Conduct) incorporates a comment referring to nonlawyer assistants as those “lay persons often designated as paralegals, legal assistants, law specialists, law clerks, law students , etc.” 86

What is a paralegal in Nevada?

3/10/93 Assembly Bill 341 defining paralegal as “a person who is not an active member of the State Bar of Nevada and who provides, or holds himself out as providing any form of legal assistance to anotherperson for compensation.” It also provides for a Paralegal Council composed of 5 licensed

What is the practice of law?

The “practice of law,” or “to practice law,” is the application of legal principles and judgment with regard to the circumstances or objectives of another entity or person which require the knowledge, judgment, and skill of a person trained as a lawyer. This includes, but is not limited to, the following:

What is section 484.020?

484.020. 1. No person shall engage in the practice of law or do law business, as defined in section 484.010, or both, unless he shall have been duly licensed therefor and while his license therefor is in full force and effect, nor shall any association, partnership, limited liability company or corporation, except a professional corporation organized pursuant to the provisions of chapter 356, a limited liability company organized and registered pursuant to the provisions of chapter 347, or* a limited liability partnership organized or registered pursuant to the provisions of chapter 358, engage in the practice of the law or do law business as defined in section 484.010, or both.

What is MCLA 600.916?

2000): (1) A person shall not practice law or engage in the law business, shall not in any manner whatsoever lead others to believe that he or she is authorized to practice law or to engage in the law business, and shall not in any manner whatsoever represent or designate himself or herself as an attorney and counselor, attorney at law, or lawyer unless the person is regularly licensed and authorized to practice law in this state. A person who violates this section is guilty of contempt of the supreme court and of the circuit court of the county in which the violation occurrence, and upon conviction is punishable as provided by law. This section does not apply to a person who is duly licensed and authorized to practice law in another state while temporarily in this state and engaged in a particular matter. (2) A domestic violence victim advocate's assistance that is provided in accordance with section 2950c does not violate this section.

What is representative capacity?

In a representative capacity, the appearance as an advocate, or the drawing of papers, pleadings or documents, or the performance of any act in connection with pending or prospective proceedings before any court of record in this state; or

What is a paralegal?

Supreme Court Rule 3.700 defines paralegal as “a person under the supervision and direction of a licensed lawyer, who may apply knowledge of law and legal procedures in rendering direct assistance to lawyers engaged in legal research; design, develop or plan modifications or new procedures, techniques, services, procedures or applications; prepare or interpret legal documents and write detailed procedures for practicing in certain fields of law; select, compile and use technical information from such references as digests, encyclopedias or practice manuals; and analyze and follow procedural problems that involve independent decisions.68

How are paralegals defined?

In most states, the role and practice parameters of a paralegal are already defined, either through state law, the state bar association or through paralegal professional associations. And, as licensing opponents would argue, these definitions are already mostly consistent from state to state.

What is an IRP in Indiana?

Indiana State Bar Association (ISBA) – This association offers the voluntary Indiana Registered Paralegal ( IRP) status to currently employed Indiana paralegals who perform substantive legal work under the direction of an attorney at least 70 percent of their time, who have been ISBA Affiliate Members in good standing for at least three years, and who meet one of the following:

What is ARPA membership?

Arkansas Paralegal Association (ArPA) – An affiliate of the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA), ArPA membership is offered at the Voting and Student levels. Membership is open to anyone engaged in the following:

What is the job of a paralegal?

Handling important documents…. And while paralegals do often spend a considerable amount of time on clerical duties, these duties carry a lot of weight. For example, in the corporate environment, paralegals draft and prepare corporate charter documents, including amendments and merger documents.

How many credits do you need to graduate from ABA?

Graduate of an ABA-approved paralegal program. Graduate of a paralegal program that includes at least 60 semester credits of classroom study. Graduate of a paralegal program plus six months of in-house paralegal work experience. Bachelor’s degree in any field plus six months of in-house paralegal work experience.

How long does it take to become a paralegal?

Have at least two years of in-house paralegal training.

Which states offer paralegal certification?

The state bar associations in Ohio, North Carolina, and Florida offers paralegals the option of earning state certification through the state bar association. The Texas bar association has taken certification one step further by offering certification in one or more of six areas of law.

What degree do paralegals need?

While only the state of California defines educational requirements for paralegals, most Independent Paralegals have obtain an Associate or Bachelor degree in Paralegal Studies or Political Science. Many may also have obtained one of the certifications offered by a nationally recognized paralegal association, such as the National Association of Legal Assistants (“NALA”), or by one of the few states that offers voluntary certification.

What is an independent paralegal?

An independent paralegal is a non-attorney who provides legal document preparation services to the public, and may be referred to as a legal document preparer or forms practitioner. Independent paralegals help their clients save money on legal document preparation when they already know what they want and simply need someone experienced with the Courts and filing pleadings to help them locate the correct forms, fill them out properly, and follow the right procedure for filing or recording the documents. Independent paralegals may prepare bankruptcy petitions, uncontested divorce forms, powers of attorney, deeds, or estate planning and probate documents.

What is the target audience of freelance paralegals?

Freelance Paralegals’ target audience is attorneys, and while each freelancer may further define his or her audience by geographic or practice area, attorneys are easy to find, and therefore marketing your services as a Freelance Paralegal is quite different than marketing them as an Independent service provider.

How to avoid practicing law as an independent paralegal?

Independent paralegals need to be very careful to avoid practicing law by preparing pleadings that require providing facts that are not common knowledge or not considered basic information. They must also be careful to only provide information about legal topics and procedures and not legal advice.

What is the benefit of being a freelance paralegal?

The main benefit of being a Freelance Paralegal is that you run your own business and get to decide whom to work for and when to perform that work. Being a Freelance Paralegal, as opposed to an Independent Paralegal, also offers the advantage of being allowed to prepare complicated legal documents such as responsive pleadings, briefs, ...

Can a freelance paralegal be an independent?

Freelance Paralegals, just as Independent Paralegals, should familiarize themselves with their state laws governing the use of the term paralegal before calling themselves a paralegal in their marketing materials.

Is there a difference between a paralegal and a paralegal?

Legally, there is no difference between an Independent Paralegal and a Freelance Paralegal, as the laws governing the Paralegal, or Legal Assistant, profession make no distinction between job titles, and treat all non-attorney paralegals the same. However, those in the legal profession use the two terms to describe two very different jobs.

What is a paralegal in Arizona?

By definition, under Arizona law, a paralegal is someone that is supervised by an attorney. Even in this capacity, a paralegal cannot represent someone in court, or a deposition, or give legal advice. Everything a paralegal does must be signed off on by the attorney...

Can you give legal advice?

You can be a document preparer who fills out the paperwork from the information your receive from the person. You cannot give legal advice because that is considered the unauthorized practice of law. I would keep looking for a job with a law firm.

Who is Steven Zachary?

Steven W Zachary. You can be a document preparer who fills out the paperwork from the information your receive from the person. You cannot give legal advice because that is considered the unauthorized practice of law. I would keep looking for a job with a law firm.

What happened to paralegals in Oregon?

In Oregon, a paralegal that ran a paralegal service was sued by the state for the unauthorized practice of law and an attorney who allowed his paralegal to represent a church at a zoning hearing unsupervised was charged with the unauthorized practice of law.

What is the job of a paralegal?

One of the duties that a paralegal can do is handle the paperwork and prepare legal documentation. The paperwork can consist of contracts, pleadings, court motions, share holder agreements, and many other types of documents. A paralegal is involved in writing different legal agreements and forms. Paralegals are also allowed to reword documentation ...

What is legal advice?

Legal advice is telling or advising a client what they should do in a certain situation and it can also constitute giving the client any information that would lead them to make a legal decision for their case. Paralegals cannot give advice because they are not regulated by the state bar association. Although they cannot give legal advice they can ...

Why do people go to paralegal school?

When a person completes paralegal school they are able to perform substantial legal tasks and take on more complex legal responsibilities . There is an extensive list of things ...

What is a paralegal responsible for?

There are certain things that the paralegal is responsible for and certain things that the lawyer is responsible for. For reasons of legality, a paralegal is limited in the duties that they can perform while working at a law firm.

What is the role of paralegals in law?

Paralegals have a large role in the efficiency of law firms. Their responsibilities have gradually increased over the years and they are now responsible for duties that were once only handled by an attorney. Although paralegals are not allowed by law to give legal advice, they are able to assist the attorney with all types ...

What is unauthorized practice of law?

The unauthorized practice of law is rendering services that should only be given by the professional judgement of lawyers. There are penalties attached to the unauthorized practice of law and the unauthorized practice of law is considered a first degree misdemeanor. Prosecution and penalties can include $25 to $500 citations.

What are the rules for paralegals?

These rules prohibit paralegals from engaging in certain activities, including giving legal advice and representing clients in a court of law. They also set minimum education and experience requirements as well as establishing mandatory continuing education requirements.

What are the classes required for paralegals?

Paralegal studies programs that align with the curriculum for LLLT certification typically include classes in law and legal practice, legal research, legal writing, investigation, civil procedure and litigation. Students often study practice areas such as business law, contract law and other litigation specialties.

How many credits do you need to become a paralegal in Washington?

In Washington, aspiring Limited License Legal Technicians must complete a 45-credit LLLT Core Curriculum offered through an approved school, according to the Washington State Bar Association.

What is a paralegal?

As a paraprofessional position, paralegal is a role that , by definition, is not fully licensed to practice law but instead performs certain tasks involved in legal work as delegated by an attorney. While this means that most states don’t require paralegals to be licensed, some states have adopted regulations that apply to paralegals specifically ...

Which state regulates paralegals?

Just one state in the U.S. officially regulates paralegals, the American Bar Association reported: California. Under the California Business and Professions Code, language established in 2000 sets certain requirements for workers using the job title “paralegal,” as well as “contract paralegal,” “independent paralegal,” “freelance paralegal,” ...

Can LPPs be licensed in court?

They can give legal advice and conduct and mediation negotiations, but they are not permitted to represent a client in court. Currently, LPPs may only become licensed in specific legal areas such as debt collection and certain types of family law practice.

Can't afford an attorney?

The American Bar Association Journal reported that 80 percent of residents in many states can’t afford an attorney for civil legal matters. Cost is one of the biggest driving factors for the creation of designations like Washington’s LLLT and Utah’s LPP.

What can a paralegal do?

Some of the different types of matters that a paralegal may be able to help with include estate planning, probate filings, powers of attorney, bankruptcy petitions, straightforward uncontested divorce forms.

What is an independent paralegal?

An independent paralegal, which may also be referred to as a freelance professional, is a non-attorney legal professional who provides different types of legal document services to patrons for a fee without being under the supervision of a licensed attorney.

Can a paralegal prepare pleadings?

A paralegal that is not being supervised cannot prepare pleadings when information that is not common knowledge must be provided.

Can a paralegal practice law?

Since the paralegal is not working directly under an attorney, there are some strict limitations as to what they are lawfully allowed to do. They cannot actually practice law but they can help individuals with less complicated matters that do not create the need for legal advice.

Can a paralegal be a legal matter?

In order for your need to qualify as something that can be handled by a paralegal, it needs to be a legal matter that you already know what you want and just need an experienced legal professional to help you locate the forms and fill them out properly.