how to file for a chapter 11 bankruptcy without an attorney

There's nothing that says you have to hire a lawyer to get bankruptcy relief. You can file bankruptcy without a lawyer either by yourself or with the help of a legal aid organization. Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice.

Full Answer

Can I file bankruptcy without a lawyer in NY?

Filing Without an Attorney Individuals can file bankruptcy without an attorney, which is called filing pro se. However, seeking the advice of a qualified attorney is strongly recommended because bankruptcy has long-term financial and legal outcomes.

Can I file Chapter 11 bankruptcy without credit counseling?

How does a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case start?

Do I need an attorney to file Chapter 7 bankruptcy?

When You'll Need a Bankruptcy Attorney. It's usually best for any bankruptcy filer to hire an attorney. That said, as discussed above, individuals can represent themselves in the right circumstances. It just depends on the case and the comfort level of the person. By contrast, even though a business can wind down in Chapter 7 or reorganize in Chapter 11, a company can't …

Can you file Chapter 11 personally?

An individual cannot file under chapter 11 or any other chapter if, during the preceding 180 days, a prior bankruptcy petition was dismissed due to the debtor's willful failure to appear before the court or comply with orders of the court, or was voluntarily dismissed after creditors sought relief from the bankruptcy ...

What is the filing fee for a Chapter 11 bankruptcy?

$1,738.00Official Time of FilingNew Petitions:Chapter 11$1,738.00Chapter 12 (Family Farmer)$278.00Chapter 13$313.00Chapter 15$1,738.0050 more rows

What bankruptcy clears all debt?

Chapter 7 bankruptcyChapter 7 bankruptcy is a legal debt relief tool. If you've fallen on hard times and are struggling to keep up with your debt, filing Chapter 7 can give you a fresh start. For most, this means the bankruptcy discharge wipes out all of their debt.Oct 20, 2020

What type of debt Cannot be discharged through bankruptcy?

Debts dischargeable in a chapter 13, but not in chapter 7, include debts for willful and malicious injury to property, debts incurred to pay non-dischargeable tax obligations, and debts arising from property settlements in divorce or separation proceedings.

How long does it take to file bankruptcy Chapter 11?

Most take between six months and two years. The Chapter 11 filing fee is $1,717, but that's just the start since Chapter 11 bankruptcies are usually complicated. Expect to spend at least $10,000 on legal fees, though they have been known to run into the millions of dollars.

Does Chapter 11 wipe out debt?

Chapter 11 and Chapter 13 bankruptcies allow for the discharging of debts but have different costs, eligibility, and time to completion. Chapter 11 can be done by almost any individual or business, with no specific debt-level limits and no required income.

What are 5 types of debt that are not dischargeable in bankruptcy?

Nondischargeable debt is a type of debt that cannot be eliminated through a bankruptcy proceeding. Such debts include, but are not limited to, student loans; most federal, state, and local taxes; money borrowed on a credit card to pay those taxes; and child support and alimony.

What debts does Chapter 7 discharge?

What Debts Are Discharged in Chapter 7 Bankruptcy? A Chapter 7 bankruptcy will generally discharge your unsecured debts, such as credit card debt, medical bills and unsecured personal loans. The court will discharge these debts at the end of the process, generally about four to six months after you start.Dec 2, 2019

What debts are dischargeable?

Dischargeable DebtsDischargeable debt is debt that can be eliminated after a person files for bankruptcy. ... Some common dischargeable debts include credit card debt and medical bills. ... In Chapter 7 cases, a discharge is only available to individuals but not to corporations or partnerships.More items...

How many years does a bankruptcy stay on your credit report?

seven yearsA Chapter 7 bankruptcy can stay on your credit report for up to 10 years from the date the bankruptcy was filed, while a Chapter 13 bankruptcy will fall off your report seven years after the filing date. After the allotted seven or 10 years, the bankruptcy will automatically fall off your credit report.May 18, 2021

Who gets paid first in Chapter 11?

Secured creditorsSecured creditors, like banks, typically get paid first in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy, followed by unsecured creditors, like bondholders and suppliers of goods and services. Stockholders are typically last in line to get paid. Not all creditors get repaid in full under a Chapter 11 bankruptcy.Jul 9, 2016

What is Chapter 13 bankruptcy?

Chapter 13 bankruptcy is a powerful financial tool that can allow you to: catch up on your missed mortgage or car loan payments. eliminate unsecured junior liens (such as a second mortgage) from your home through lien stripping, or. reduce the principal balance or interest rate on your car loan with a cramdown.

Is it better to file bankruptcy yourself or a lawyer?

While having a bankruptcy lawyer on your side will almost always be better than filing yourself, not all debtors can afford legal counsel. If it isn't a possibility, you might consider:

Do not sell personal information?

Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Unlike a business bankruptcy, an individual debtor doesn't need an attorney to file for bankruptcy relief. But it's not always a good idea to do so. Whether filing on your own will make sense will likely depend on: whether you're comfortable researching and handling your case.

Should I hire an attorney for Chapter 7 bankruptcy?

While you might be able to handle a simple Chapter 7 bankruptcy on your own, it makes sense to hire an attorney for more complicated cases. For instance, it's a good idea to hire an attorney if you:

Is Chapter 13 bankruptcy more complicated than Chapter 7?

But Chapter 13 bankruptcy is considerably more complicated and labor-intensive than Chapter 7. If you want the court to confirm (approve) your Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you must propose a feasible repayment plan, which is challenging to do without legal knowledge and the software used by bankruptcy lawyers.

Can I file Chapter 7 bankruptcy on my own?

You're Filing a Complicated Chapter 7. While you might be able to handle a simple Chapter 7 bankruptcy on your own , it makes sense to hire an attorney for more complicated cases. For instance, it's a good idea to hire an attorney if you: have creditors that might challenge your discharge.

Do law schools offer free legal advice?

Many law schools sponsor legal clinics and provide free legal advice to consumers. Some legal clinics have the same income requirements as Legal Aid; others offer free services to low- and moderate-income people.

What is a claim in bankruptcy?

The Bankruptcy Code defines a claim as: (1) a right to payment; (2) or a right to an equitable remedy for a failure of performance if the breach gives rise to a right to payment. 11 U.S.C. § 101 (5). Generally, any creditor whose claim is not scheduled (i.e., listed by the debtor on the debtor's schedules) or is scheduled as disputed, contingent, or unliquidated must file a proof of claim (and attach evidence documenting the claim) in order to be treated as a creditor for purposes of voting on the plan and distribution under it. Fed. R. Bankr. P. 3003 (c) (2). But filing a proof of claim is not necessary if the creditor's claim is scheduled (but is not listed as disputed, contingent, or unliquidated by the debtor) because the debtor's schedules are deemed to constitute evidence of the validity and amount of those claims. 11 U.S.C. § 1111. If a scheduled creditor chooses to file a claim, a properly filed proof of claim supersedes any scheduling of that claim. Fed. R. Bankr. P. 3003 (c) (4). It is the responsibility of the creditor to determine whether the claim is accurately listed on the debtor's schedules. The debtor must provide notification to those creditors whose names are added and whose claims are listed as a result of an amendment to the schedules. The notification also should advise such creditors of their right to file proofs of claim and that their failure to do so may prevent them from voting upon the debtor's plan of reorganization or participating in any distribution under that plan. When a debtor amends the schedule of liabilities to add a creditor or change the status of any claims to disputed, contingent, or unliquidated, the debtor must provide notice of the amendment to any entity affected. Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1009 (a).

What happens before a chapter 11 is confirmed?

Before confirmation of a plan, several activities may take place in a chapter 11 case. Continued operation of the debtor's business may lead to the filing of a number of contested motions. The most common are those seeking relief from the automatic stay, the use of cash collateral, or to obtain credit. There may also be litigation over executory (i.e., unfulfilled) contracts and unexpired leases and the assumption or rejection of those executory contracts and unexpired leases by the debtor in possession. 11 U.S.C. § 365. Delays in formulating, filing, and obtaining confirmation of a plan often prompt creditors to file motions for relief from stay, to convert the case to chapter 7, or to dismiss the case altogether.

What happens after a disclosure statement is approved?

After the disclosure statement is approved by the court and the ballots are collected and tallied, the court will conduct a confirmation hearing to determine whether to confirm the plan. 11 U.S.C. § 1128. In the case of individuals, chapter 11 bears some similarities to chapter 13.

Who can request a trustee appointment?

Although the appointment of a case trustee is a rarity in a chapter 11 case, a party in interest or the U.S. trustee can request the appointment of a case trustee or examiner at any time prior to confirmation in a chapter 11 case. The court, on motion by a party in interest or the U.S. trustee and after notice and hearing, shall order the appointment of a case trustee for cause, including fraud, dishonesty, incompetence, or gross mismanagement, or if such an appointment is in the interest of creditors, any equity security holders, and other interests of the estate. 11 U.S.C. § 1104 (a). Moreover, the U.S. trustee is required to move for appointment of a trustee if there are reasonable grounds to believe that any of the parties in control of the debtor "participated in actual fraud, dishonesty or criminal conduct in the management of the debtor or the debtor's financial reporting." 11 U.S.C. § 1104 (e). The trustee is appointed by the U.S. trustee, after consultation with parties in interest and subject to the court's approval. Fed. R. Bankr. P. 2007.1. Alternatively, a trustee in a case may be elected if a party in interest requests the election of a trustee within 30 days after the court orders the appointment of a trustee. In that instance, the U.S. trustee convenes a meeting of creditors for the purpose of electing a person to serve as trustee in the case. 11 U.S.C. § 1104 (b).

What is single asset real estate?

The term "single asset real estate" is defined as "a single property or project, other than residential real property with fewer than four residential units, which generates substantially all of the gross income of a debtor who is not a family farmer and on which no substantial business is being conducted by a debtor other than the business of operating the real property and activities incidental." 11 U.S.C. § 101 (51B). The Bankruptcy Code provides circumstances under which creditors of a single asset real estate debtor may obtain relief from the automatic stay which are not available to creditors in ordinary bankruptcy cases. 11 U.S.C. § 362 (d). On request of a creditor with a claim secured by the single asset real estate and after notice and a hearing, the court will grant relief from the automatic stay to the creditor unless the debtor files a feasible plan of reorganization or begins making interest payments to the creditor within 90 days from the date of the filing of the case, or within 30 days of the court's determination that the case is a single asset real estate case. The interest payments must be equal to the non-default contract interest rate on the value of the creditor's interest in the real estate. 11 U.S.C. § 362 (d) (3).

Can a Chapter 11 case be converted to a Chapter 7 case?

A debtor in a case under chapter 11 has a one-time absolute right to convert the chapter 11 case to a case under chapter 7 unless: (1) the debtor is not a debtor in possession; (2) the case originally was commenced as an involuntary case under chapter 11; or (3) the case was converted to a case under chapter 11 other than at the debtor's request. 11 U.S.C. § 1112 (a). A debtor in a chapter 11 case does not have an absolute right to have the case dismissed upon request.

What is the role of a trustee in bankruptcy?

The U.S. Trustee or Bankruptcy Administrator. The U.S. trustee plays a major role in monitoring the progress of a chapter 11 case and supervising its administration. The U.S. trustee is responsible for monitoring the debtor in possession's operation of the business and the submission of operating reports and fees.

Who is Jennifer Mueller?

This article was written by Jennifer Mueller, JD. Jennifer Mueller is an in-house legal expert at wikiHow. Jennifer reviews, fact-checks, and evaluates wikiHow's legal content to ensure thoroughness and accuracy. She received her JD from Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 2006. This article has been viewed 4,313 times.

Can you file bankruptcy without an attorney?

Filing bankruptcy without an attorney may mean you have to appear at more court hearings than you would if you'd hired an attorney. These hearings often cannot be rescheduled, so you might have to take off work to appear.#N#Thanks!#N#Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

How long does a Chapter 7 bankruptcy last?

A Chapter 7 is what you think of as a traditional bankruptcy, where you walk away from your debt and get a fresh start. A Chapter 7 case lasts for a significantly shorter amount of time than a Chapter 13 case. A Chapter 13 can be much more complicated. A Chapter 13 involves a repayment plan that will run for three to five years.

How to determine if you qualify for Chapter 7?

First you will need to determine if you are eligible to file a Chapter 7 by passing the means test. If you are below a certain threshold for your state you will qualify, otherwise you need to complete both parts of the means test calculation to determine your disposable income.

What are non-dischargeable debts?

There are also debts which are non-dischargeable in a bankruptcy case. Non-dischargeable debts include things like child support, alimony, most tax debt, etc. If the bulk of your debts are non-dischargeable a Chapter 7 bankruptcy may not offer the relief you are seeking.

Is bankruptcy good for unsecured debt?

Bankruptcy is most helpful to people with unsecured debt, like credit cards and medical bills, because these kind of debts are dischargeable. You can potentially walk away from them completely. Secured debts are those which are tied to a specific item as collateral.

How long does it take to get a trustee's meeting?

This is generally a short proceeding, maybe 15-20 minutes, and Trustees are accustomed to working with pro se debtors.

Do I need an attorney to file for bankruptcy?

You are not required to hire an attorney to file bankruptcy. You can do so for free, or with a legal aid organization. Written by Attorney Eva Bacevice. Updated October 7, 2020.

What happens if you don't list your debts in bankruptcy?

Debtors must list all property and debts in their bankruptcy schedules. If a debt is not listed, it is possible the debt will not be discharged.

Is bankruptcy fraud a crime?

Please be aware that bankruptcy fraud is a crime. Pro se litigants, whether debtor or creditor, are expected to follow the rules that govern procedures in the federal courts. Pro se litigants should be familiar with the United States Bankruptcy Code, the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, and the local rules of the court .