Generally speaking, there are four reasons why an estate is required to go through the probate process: 1. When there is no will. “If you don’t have a will, your estate will wind up in probate.” This all-too-common warning is generally true. No-will estates usually fall under intestate succession laws which can vary from state to state.
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When the estate lawyer has received enough information to draft the court documents required to open the probate estate, they will notify the person named to serve as the personal representative or executor in the decedent's last will and also the beneficiaries named in the will.
An attorney may be able to take on probate cases, but might more regularly practice an entirely different area of law. If they are not experienced in the nuances of estate law, you could end up paying the price, both literally and figuratively, as costly and timely delays could result from their inexperience.
Most states recognize that a full probate process can be expensive and time-consuming. Because of this, small estates are usually eligible for a simplified process that generally does not require use of a probate lawye r. In West Virginia, for example, if the decedent’s estate is less than $100,000, a small estate probate process is used.
Let people know what you’re doing, and what the court requires you to do. Probate is a mysterious process to most people after all, it’s something most of us experience only a time or two, when a parent or spouse dies. The executor, charged with safeguarding assets, paying bills, and distributing property, has the greatest responsibility.
One of the most popular ways to avoid probate is through the use of a revocable living trust. Assets are placed in the trust, but they can used by the trust creator during his or her lifetime. Upon death, assets in the trust are passed to the trust beneficiaries just by operation of the trust document. No probate is necessary.
If a person dies and leaves a will, then probate is required to implement the provisions of that will. However, a probate process also can happen if a person dies without a will and has property that needs to be distributed under the state intestacy law (the law of inheritance).
If the decedent owned an account that named a beneficiary (such as a retirement account) but the beneficiary has passed away before the owner of the account, probate law requires that account to go through the court so that the funds can be passed to the person legally entitled to them under state law.
Payable on death accounts operate the same way. Real estate that is owned as joint tenants, or joint tenants by the entirety passes outside of probate as well. This type of property has two owners.
With careful planning, probate can sometimes be avoided. Still, probate doesn't have to be a scary process. Probate sounds like a complex and expensive process. However, probate is actually a very common legal procedure and is the way that some assets must be formally passed from the person who is deceased to his or her heirs or beneficiaries.
Some people don’t want to probate a will. There is no requirement that a will or property go through probate, but if the decedent owned property that is not arranged specifically to avoid probate, there is no way for the beneficiaries to obtain legal ownership without it. There are some exceptions to this.
A probate attorney is a state-licensed lawyer who can help the Executor of a Will (if one was appointed) or the beneficiaries of an estate get through probate as they work to settle an estate.
Also known as a probate lawyer, probate attorneys are hired to help settle an estate. After the death of a loved one, their Estate Plan dictates the next steps. If they have a Will, probate will be necessary. Trusts won’t go through probate, which can sometimes make the process a bit less complicated and much more private.
Whether or not you need a probate lawyer will depend on multiple factors and scenarios. You’ll want to consider things like:
If you do end up using a probate attorney, there are a few things you should know before retaining one. Asking questions up front will ensure there are no (costly) surprises along the way. Use the following list to help you find an attorney who will be the right fit for your exact needs.
a share of property owned as " tenants in common "—for example, the deceased person's interest in a warehouse owned with his brother as an investment. This property is commonly called the probate estate.
Because you count only the property that must go through probate—and exclude property that was jointly owned or held in trust, for example—some very large estates can take advantage of the "small estate" procedures.
If there's no will, or the will doesn't name an executor, the probate court will appoint someone to serve. Either way, the person in charge can hire a lawyer to help with the court proceeding, and pay the lawyer's fee from money in the estate.
In addition, most states offer simplified probate proceedings for estates of small value. The simpler process is commonly called " summary probate .". The executor can use the simpler process if the total property that is subject to probate is under a certain amount, which varies greatly from state to state.
Real estate subject to a valid transfer-on-death deed (allowed only in some states) Pension plan distributions. Wages, salary, or commissions (up to a certain amount) due the deceased person. Property held in joint tenancy with right of survivorship.
So even if you do conduct a probate court proceeding for the estate, not everything will have to be included. That's good news, because property that doesn't have to go through probate can be transferred to the people who inherit it much more quickly.
Typically, many of the assets in an estate don't need to go through probate. If the deceased person was married and owned most everything jointly, or did some planning to avoid probate, a probate court proceeding may not be necessary.
The executor will need to get a probate bond to protect them from any claims made against them for fraudulent activity. This bond is a surety bond to cover the work they do on behalf of the estate. If they should make a mistake that costs money to the estate or heirs, the bond would cover them.
Once all the other tasks are completed, the executor is responsible for distributing the rest of the estate to the heirs. This can be as simple as issuing funds for each person. It can be more complicated if the will stipulated for the transfer of nonliquid assets. For instance, the deceased person may have given their home to one of their children. The title must be transferred to the new owner, which is the job of the executor to oversee.
The executor must track down all assets and get proof of ownership. They must secure the assets to ensure none are lost, stolen or sold during this time. They may need to sell some of the assets to pay the creditors. If the deceased person owned a business, it may need to be closed to allow for liquidation.
The next task is to pay the estate taxes. The executor will need to file personal or business tax returns if necessary and pay any amounts owed. This task must be completed before the estate can be distributed. They will need to wait for the returns to be approved to ensure no changes are made.
What is Probate. Probate is the legal process by which an estate of someone who has died is distributed to the heirs.
1. File the Petition. The first step with any estate is to file a petition with the court. This includes a copy of the death certificate and the will. The court will review the petition and other documents to open the probate. At this point, it will determine who should be appointed executor.
In a small estate, this could take only a couple of days. In a large estate, it could last for several months.
The probate court will only require a date-of-death value for the decedent's probate assets to be listed on the estate inventory. If the decedent's estate is taxable—on the federal or state level—then the date-of-death values will also need to be established for the decedent's non-probate assets. These assets will include those owned as: 1 Tenants by the entirety 2 Joint tenants with right of survivorship 3 Payable-on-death accounts 4 Transfer-on-death accounts 5 Life insurance 6 Retirement accounts, including IRAs and 401 (k)s 7 Annuities 3
The executor should work closely with the estate lawyer and accountant to plan for setting enough assets aside to pay the ongoing estate expenses if administration of the estate is expected to take more than a year. Distributions to the estate's beneficiaries might be made in multiple stages.
It is the executor's job to figure out what bills the decedent owed at the time of death.
The personal representative or executor must be certain that every single expense of administering the estate and all taxes have been paid before making any distributions, or that enough assets have been set aside to pay the final bills and taxes.
The first step in probating an estate is to locate all of the decedent's estate planning documents and other important papers, even before being appointed to serve as the personal representative or executor.
Assets like real estate, personal effects (including jewelry, artwork, and collectibles), and closely held businesses will have to be appraised by a professional appraiser.
If the decedent's estate is taxable—on the federal or state level—then the date-of-death values will also need to be established for the decedent's non-probate assets. These assets will include those owned as: Tenants by the entirety. Joint tenants with right of survivorship. Payable-on-death accounts.
The benefits of avoiding probate are: It’s often simpler and faster for account beneficiaries to claim the funds. You’ll avoid probate court fees and executor’s fees (which can be significant, especially if the executor is legally entitled to a certain percentage of the estate, such as in California).
Probate is the legal process of administering a person’s estate after their death. If you have a last will and testament, probate will involve proving that your will is legally valid, executing your instructions and paying applicable taxes. Having a clearly written will is one way to make the probate process easier on your loved ones.
If you die without a will, the probate court will rely on your state’s intestate law to figure out how to distribute the person’s stuff.
Small estate affidavit, summary probate and/or summary administration: Documents or processes that can allow you to skip or shorten certain aspects of probate (i.e. distribute property without a lengthy court process). Estates below a certain value (depending on your state) are eligible for this. Related Articles.
An executor can’t jump right in and start passing along family heirlooms and inheritances. The first step is filing a petition with the probate court to open the process and “prove” the will. Until that happens, they’re not allowed to distribute or discard any property.
If a will is uncontested—that is, everyone basically agrees that the will is valid and no one is interested in challenging it— the probate court doesn’t have much to do besides review and sign paperwork.
California law lets you skip the court process if the total value of probate-eligible assets (property and financial accounts) comes to less than $30,000.
Step 1: Filing. Once a will has been located, the first step in the probate process is filing a petition with the probate court requesting that the will be probated. The probate petition asks that the executor formally be appointed to act on behalf of the estate.
The executor or personal representative must pay all of the estate's debts from the estate's assets. In addition to pre-existing debts such as loans, mortgages, utility bills, and credit cards, a final tax return must be filed for the estate, and any taxes due must be paid. Funeral expenses must also be paid.
The entire probate process can take a few months to a year or longer , depending on the estate's complexity and the court's calendar.
Assets include real estate, vehicles, investments, bank accounts, cash, personal property, intellectual property, and pets.
The executor takes legal control of these assets. On the other hand, assets owned by a trust, such as a living trust, are not probate assets and are not distributed by the probate court. The executor or personal representative must inform all known creditors of the estate proceeding.
Once all of the creditors have been paid, the executor or personal representative distributes the remaining assets according to the testator's wishes if there is a will, or according to state intestacy statutes if there is no will.
Probate is the legal process a will must go through to establish its validity before anything can be distributed to the beneficiaries. The testator, meaning the person writing the will, names an executor in the will whose job it is to move the will through the probate process.
Probate is a mysterious process to most people after all, it’s something most of us experience only a time or two, when a parent or spouse dies. The executor, charged with safeguarding assets, paying bills, and distributing property, has the greatest responsibility. But the process can produce anxiety in other family members, too.
If you’re the executor, the beneficiaries’ anxiety can come back to haunt you in a big way. If they convince themselves that you’re doing a bad job as executor or that you’re dishonestly depriving them of their inheritances you could even end up with a costly, nasty court battle.
To keep beneficiaries from worrying (and complaining), don’t wait for them to come to you. When you take on your executor’s responsibilities, starting with filing the will and securing estate property, let everyone know.
Tell them that they will named you as executor (or if there’s no will, that you’re willing to take on the job and have priority under state law) and that you’ll be gathering property, paying bills and taxes, and eventually distributing property to the people who inherit it.
A pour-over will also require a probate proceeding, and the successor trustee the individual named to manage the trust after the owner’s death — must receive a copy of the will. It should explain how the executor and the successor trustee should work together to settle the trust and the probate estate.
Obviously, the executor must have a copy of the will. He’s responsible for settling the deceased’s estate according to its terms. He must review it to understand who the beneficiaries are and to learn of any special restrictions or instructions that might exist about their shares of the estate.
Some states allow individuals to file their own wills before their deaths for safekeeping. Many states require that the individual in possession of the will must file it with the probate court when it’s located. Ideally, the document will name the individual the decedent wanted to act as executor of her estate.