ORDER OF PROCEEDING IN TRIAL. (a) A jury being impaneled in any criminal action, except as provided by Subsection (b) of this article, the cause shall proceed in the following order: 1. The indictment or information shall be read to the jury by the attorney prosecuting. When prior convictions are alleged for purposes of enhancement only and are not jurisdictional, that …
Texas Legal Research Group; ... Some courts have held that the attorney testimony rule applies to affidavits as well as testimony at trial. See Int'l Res. Ventures, Inc. v. Diamond Mining Co. of Am., 326 Ark. 765, 769, 934 S.W.2d 218, 220 (1996). However, in general, courts appear to be reluctant to disqualify an attorney for violating the ...
texas rules of civil procedure . part i - general rules ... court may order repleader..... 38 . rule 69. supplemental petition or answer ... trial by the court..... 177. rule 263. agreed case ...
ARTICLE VII. OPINIONS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY Rule 701. Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses Rule 702. Testimony by Expert Witnesses Rule 703. Bases of an Expert’s Opinion Testimony Rule 704. Opinion on an Ultimate Issue Rule 705. Disclosing the Underlying Facts or Data and Examining an Expert About Them Rule 706. Audit in Civil Cases ARTICLE VIII.
Stating an Opinion Without Disclosing the Underlying Facts or Data. Unless the court orders otherwise, an expert may state an opinion—and give the reasons for it—without first testifying to the underlying facts or data. But the expert may be required to disclose those facts or data on cross-examination.
When examining a witness about the witness’s bias or interest, a party must first tell the witness the circumstances or statements that tend to show the witness’s bias or interest. If examining a witness about a statement—whether oral or written—to prove the witness’s bias or interest, a party must tell the witness:
The court may exclude relevant evidence if its probative value is substantially outweighed by a danger of one or more of the following: unfair prejudice, confusing the issues, misleading the jury, undue delay, or needlessly presenting cumulative evidence.
Evidence that a person was or was not insured against liability is not admissible to prove whether the person acted negligently or otherwise wrongfully. But the court may admit this evidence for another purpose, such as proving a witness’s bias or prejudice or, if disputed, proving agency, ownership, or control.
Evidence of a witness’s religious beliefs or opinions is not admissible to attack or support the witness’s credibility.
In General. The court must decide any preliminary question about whether a witness is qualified, a privilege exists, or evidence is admissible. In so deciding, the court is not bound by evidence rules, except those on privilege.
If a party introduces part of an act, declaration, conversation, writing, or recorded statement, an adverse party may inquire into any other part on the same subject. An adverse party may also introduce any other act, declaration, conversation, writing, or recorded statement that is necessary to explain or allow the trier of fact to fully understand the part offered by the opponent. “Writing or recorded statement” includes a deposition.
Before the trial, as part of the evidence-sharing process known as “ discovery ,” defendants are normally entitled to receive the names and statements of the witnesses that the prosecution plans to call (although prosecutors may not always have to reveal the names of confidential informants). Defendants also have a right to any information that prosecutors have about the identity or whereabouts of other witnesses who might be able to provide relevant testimony for the defense.
Sometimes, witness testimony is the only evidence that places the defendant at (or far from) the crime scene. Other times, witnesses provide the context that supports or undermines other evidence. Either way, there are general rules for how and when witnesses testify at criminal trials, the questions lawyers may ask them, ...
Criminal trials follow the same basic order. Following opening statements, the prosecution presents its evidence, including its witnesses. For each witness, there may be two or more steps to the testimony: 1 Direct examination. First, the prosecutor will ask questions intended to bring out the witness’s story. 2 Cross-examination. The defendant’s lawyer will then question the witness in an effort to discredit or at least shed doubt on the testimony. Generally, questions should address matters covered during the direct examination, but the attorney may also ask questions related to the witness’s credibility. 3 Redirect and recross examination. After the cross-examination, the prosecutor may ask the witness more questions, usually to clarify parts of the testimony or address issues that came up during the cross. Then, the defense attorney also has another chance at further questioning, usually to discuss new subjects discussed during the redirect.
Cross-examination. The defendant’s lawyer will then question the witness in an effort to discredit or at least shed doubt on the testimony. Generally, questions should address matters covered during the direct examination, but the attorney may also ask questions related to the witness’s credibility.
As part of their trial strategy, lawyers will call their witnesses in an order that’s most helpful for convincing the jury of the guilt or innocence of the defendant. However, the judge has the ultimate say over when witnesses testify.
The Judge’s Role in Controlling Witness Testimony. There are many rules about the types of questions that lawyers can ask witnesses. But in general, trial judges have the power to apply those rules and control many aspects of witness testimony, including: whether to allow a witness to testify.
The Right to Confront Witnesses. Criminal defendants have the right under the Sixth Amendment’s “confrontation clause” to be present when witnesses are testifying against them and to cross-examine those witnesses. There may be exceptions, however, when witnesses aren’t available to testify at trial.
Back to Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct. (a) A lawyer shall not knowingly: (1) make a false statement of material fact or law to a tribunal; (2) fail to disclose a fact to a tribunal when disclosure is necessary to avoid assisting a criminal or fraudulent act; (3) in an ex parte proceeding, fail to disclose to ...
4. Ordinarily, an advocate has the limited responsibility of presenting one side of the matters that a tribunal should consider in reaching a decision; the conflicting position is expected to be presented by the opposing party. However, in an ex parte proceeding, such as an application for a temporary restraining order, there is no balance of presentation by opposing advocates. The object of an ex parte proceeding is nevertheless to yield a substantially just result. The judge has an affirmative responsibility to accord the absent party just consideration. The lawyer for the represented party has the correlative duty to make disclosures of unprivileged material facts known to the lawyer if the lawyer reasonably believes the tribunal will not reach a just decision unless informed of those facts.
An advocate is responsible for pleadings and other documents prepared for litigation, but is usually not required to have personal knowledge of matters asserted therein, for litigation documents ordinarily present assertions by the client, or by someone on the client’s behalf, and not assertions by the lawyer.
However, an assertion purporting to be on the lawyer’s own knowledge, as in an affidavit by the lawyer or a representation of fact in open court, may properly be made only when the lawyer knows the assertion is true or believes it to be true on the basis of a reasonably diligent inquiry.
3. Legal argument based on a knowingly false representation of law constitutes dishonesty toward the tribunal. A lawyer is not required to make a disinterested exposition of the law, but should recognize the existence of pertinent legal authorities. Furthermore, as stated in paragraph (a) (4), an advocate has a duty to disclose directly adverse authority in the controlling jurisdiction which has not been disclosed by the opposing party. The underlying concept is that legal argument is a discussion seeking to determine the legal premises properly applicable to the case.
A lawyer may refuse to offer evidence that the lawyer reason ably believes is untrust worthy, even if the lawyer does not know that the evidence is false. That discretion should be exercised cautiously, however, in order not to impair the legitimate interests of the client.
1. The advocate’s task is to present the client’s case with persuasive force. Performance of that duty while maintaining confidences of the client is qualified by the advocate’s duty of candor to the tribunal.