(The Bluebook's abbreviation for the Code of Federal Regulations) Section symbol and specific section cited Date of code edition cited For example, here is how you would cite a federal regulation that prescribes rules for pets in National Parks in the United States:
Remember, the Bluebook really prefers that you cite to a print source. It has gotten more flexible over the years. However, for something like a law review article, even if you found it online, you still need to follow the instructions in Rule 16 to cite it.
Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3503.06 (LexisNexis 2009). The Bluebook requires you to cite to the official code if it is available. If citing to a statute that is available on a commercial online service such as Lexis or Westlaw, provide the following: Title, Chapter, or Volume (see T. 1)
Bluebook Legal Citation System Guide. Enter the first part of your footnote text, up to the word "note." On the Insert bar, click Cross-reference. In the Reference Type menu, select Footnote. Make sure that Footnote number is selected in the Insert reference to menu. Select the footnote you want to ...
Enter an Opinion Number "xx-xxx", Citation Number "xx Ops. Cal. Atty. Gen....Legal Opinions of the Attorney General - Search for Opinions (1982 - Current)Opinion Number (e.g., 12-301);Official Citation (e.g., 95 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 1); or.Word or Phrase from the text of the Opinion's Question or Conclusion.
Therefore, the proper citation format is:The title number.The abbreviation of the code used (here, U.S.C.A. or U.S.C.S.)The section symbol (§) followed by a space and the section number containing the statute.The name of the publisher (West or LexisNexis)The year of the code.
A full law journal and/or law review citation has 6 elements: Full Name(s) of Authors; Title of Article (underline); Volume Number; Abbreviated Name of Law Journal/Review (see Table 13 of Bluebook); Page Number(s) of Article (pincite if making reference to specific pages); Year of Publication (in parentheses).
A basic citation to a rule in the Code of Federal Regulations using Bluebook* citation style is as follows: 25 C.F.R. § 531.1 (2014). The citation refers you to the rule found in Title 25, Section 531.1, of the 2014 edition of the CFR.
State Statute in State CodeReference List: Name of Act, Title Source § Section Number (Year). URL.Parenthetical Citation: (Name of Act, Year)Narrative Citation: Name of Act (Year)
Title of revision. This revision shall be known as the "General Statutes of North Carolina" and may be cited in either of the following ways: "General Statutes of North Carolina"; or "General Statutes"; or "G.S."; or "N.C. Gen. Stat."; or "N.C.G.S." (1985, c.
Government Document In Print Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.
Government document citations include:Author or authors. The Author may be a government or corporate entity.Year.Title of report. Provide the report number in brackets if given.Publisher. Omit the publisher information if the author and the publisher are the same.DOI or URL is hyperlinked.
A citation to an internet web page generally contains the following information: (1) the author, (2) the title of the web page, (3) the title of the website, (4) the date and time, and (5) the URL.
Specific References: Spell out and capitalize the phrase "Executive Order" when referring to a particular executive order by number. In 1991, in order to rectify this situation, Governor Lawton Chiles issued Executive Order 91-220. Abbreviate a citation sentence in a footnote. If available, include the date issued.
Type the title number of the regulation, then the abbreviation "C.F.R." Type a space, then type the section symbol (§), a space, and the number of the section. Close your reference with the edition year of the CFR. Type a space after the section number, then type the year of the CFR edition in parentheses.
In-text citation:Name of the regulation.Volume number.Abbreviated name of the source.Page number.Date and other information.
A "public law" is an individual statute as it is passed by Congress. For example, if Lexis says it is current through Pub. L. No. 115-34, that means Lexis has been updated to include all statutes passed by Congress up to and including the 34th statute passed by the 115th Congress.
Formatting Tips. U.S.C. is in all capitals. Everything else is in normal type. To make the § symbol in Word, select Insert > Symbol, then select §. Click Insert to add the symbol or Shortcut Key to create an easy to remember keyboard shortcut, like Alt S. (See Screencap tab.)
Some professors allow students to cite to Lexis or Westlaw. If your professor allows this, copy the citation shown at the top of the screen, including the A. in U.S.C.A. on Westlaw and S. in U.S.C.S. on Lexis. For the year, use the currency of the database as provided by the database itself. (See Screencap tabs.). Format as shown in R12.5 (a):
The unofficial United States Code Annotated (U.S.C.A.), published by West. The unofficial United States Code Service (U.S.C.S.), published by Lexis. Bluebook R12.3 requires you to cite the official U.S.C. but the title, section, and text of the statute are almost always identical for all three versions.
If you are citing more than one statute, you can use the same date for all statutes. The date does not refer to the last time the statute was amended but, rather, to the most recent public law included in the database. A "public law" is an individual statute as it is passed by Congress.
The Bluebook style guide is used in the American legal profession for citation of all relevant sources. Additionally, the Chicago Manual of Style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. What follows is a summary of the basics. It should be noted that the Bluebook system goes into significant complexity on most of these points, ...
To cite a federal statute, you need to include: 1 The title of the act 2 The source in which it is found 3 The year in which it was enacted (session laws) OR the year in which the source was published (codes). 4 The chapters or section (s) being referred to.
The page number in a case citation is the page on which that case begins in the source. If you wish to reference a specific page as well as the general case, separate that page reference with a comma. For instance, if your reference is a case that begins on page 100 of your source, but you want to point specifically to a statement six pages in, the page number in your citation would be “100, 106”.
The specific content of a short form citation is flexible, but varies by the type of authority being cited. Acceptable short forms for a given citation will be covered in each entry. Short forms may also use id. to indicate that this citation is from the same authority as the previous.
As with constitutional citations above, if the statute has been repealed or amended, indicate this fact and the year it occurred in parentheses at the end of the citation. You may also include additional information in the same fashion.
In citing the name of the case, one generally summarizes. If there are multiple plaintiffs or multiple defendants, one only lists the first party in each category. Moreover, the names of individuals within the case name are shortened to surname only – no first or middle names, no initials, no “aka” or “et al.”.
Set the title of the constitution in small caps if possible. The subdivisions should then be listed, separated by commas, in order of decreasing size.
Rule 12.4 of The Bluebook (21st ed. 2020) covers the citation of session laws. The Bluepages B12.1.1 and Table 1 should also be consulted. The citation should include the following:
Rule 14 of the ALWD Citation Manual (7th ed.) covers the citations to codes.
The Bluebook requires you to cite to the official code if it is available . If citing to a statute that is available on a commercial online service such as Lexis or Westlaw, provide the following: Title, Chapter, or Volume (see T. 1) Code (cite to the official code if at all possible) Section. Publisher, editor or compiler.
The Bluebook contains rules that prescribe how to cite a variety of legal documents. There are too many rules for this introductory guide to cover. However, the following are rules and examples for other types of legal documents that many first-year law students may need to cite in addition to cases and statutes.
U.S. or the state abbreviation (see Table 10) Const. (The Bluebook's abbreviation for constitution) Section or subdivision . For example, here is how you would cite the provision of the U.S. Constitution that says that each state shall have two Senators: U.S. Const. art. I, § 3, cl. 1.
A citation to a U.S. federal regulation in the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) includes four elements: C.F.R. title number. C.F.R. (The Bluebook's abbreviation for the Code of Federal Regulations) Section symbol and specific section cited. Date of code edition cited.
First-year law students will likely need to cite to depositions, interrogatories, or trial transcripts in the record in order to develop facts for briefs. As a general rule of thumb, you must cite to the record for every factual assertion you make in a brief.
Explains basic Bluebook forms, with examples and references to the relevant Bluebook rules. A good starting point if you are still working on learning basic Bluebook citation or want a clearer, simpler entry point to the Bluebook.
The final chapter explains how to cite materials in California Style Manual, ALWD, and Bluebook format, with examples. The director of Loyola's legal writing program, Professor Aimee Dudovitz, is a co-author.
Cite to the title, C.F.R., part and year. Use this when referencing the entire part.
Reg. (name of publication), page at which the regulation or rule begins, page where the material to which you are citing is located if pinpoint citing, and exact date (this is because the Federal Register is a daily publication).
If the rule or regulation is commonly known by its name then the name should be given: R. 14.2 (a) (p. 144). When the Federal Register indicates where the rule or regulation will appear in the C.F.R. give that information parenthetically, otherwise omit that portion.
Importation of Fruits and Vegetables, 60 Fed. Reg. 50,379 (Sept. 29, 1995) (to be codified at 7 C.F.R. pt. 300).