What is the term for a behavior that becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer
A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher is called. classical conditioning. When a particular taste accompanies a drug that influences an immune response, the taste by itself can come to produce an immune response.
Why was Pavlov's study of classical conditioning valuable?
Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning were most clearly valuable because they provided the young discipline of psychology with a model of. retrieve sticks and balls. You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to. State a realistic goal in measurable terms and announce it.
Why do humpback whales whack water?
Whacking the water to boost feeding success became increasingly common among humpback whales observed over a 22-year period. This is best explained in terms of. When chemotherapy in a clinic triggers nausea, cancer patients may develop a nausea response to the sights, sounds, and smells associated with the clinic.
What is observational learning?
This best illustrates. observational learning. Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents.
How is depression related to genetics?
Understanding that the development of depression is related to one's genetic predispositions, learned behaviors from one's home environment , as well as how one interprets life events best illustrates. Reinforcement. If bears find insects after they move decaying logs, they more frequently move decaying logs.
What is the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus?
The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called. conditioned response. In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus is referred to as a (n) observational learning.
Is finding insects a biopsychosocial approach?
This most clearly indicates that finding insects is a. a biopsychosocial approach. An integrated understanding of associative learning in terms of genetic predispositions, culturally learned preferences, and the predictability of certain associations is most clearly provided by. negative punishment.
Assessment
During the scans, participants complete two tests, one that encourages them to become more aware of their bodies by focusing on their heartbeats (an exercise related to mindfulness meditation), and the other asking them to reflect on phrases common in the self-chatter of depressed patients, such as I am such a loser, or I c…
Management
- The process will be repeated for a control group that undergoes muscle relaxation training and depression education instead of MBCT. While its possible that patients in the control part of the study also will have reduced depressive symptoms, Desbordes said it should occur via different mechanisms in the brain, a difference that may be revealed by the scans. The work, which receiv…
Quotes
- We know those brain systems involved with interoception, and we know those involved with rumination and depression. I want to test, after taking MBCT, whether we see changes in these networks, particularly in tasks specifically engaging them, Desbordes said.
Discovery
- In the 1970s, when transcendental meditation surged in popularity, Herbert Benson, a professor at Harvard Medical School and what was then Beth Israel Hospital, explored what he called The Relaxation Response, identifying it as the common, functional attribute of transcendental meditation, yoga, and other forms of meditation, including deep religious prayer. Benson describ…
Research
- Other MGH researchers also are studying the effects of meditation on the body, including Sara Lazar, who in 2012 used fMRI to show that the brains of subjects thickened after an eight-week meditation course. Work is ongoing at MGHs Benson-Henry Institute; at HMS and Brigham and Womens Hospitals Osher Center for Integrative Medicine; at the Harvard-affiliated Cambridge H…
Definitions
- Among the challenges researchers face is defining mindfulness itself. The word has come to describe a meditation-based practice whose aim is to increase ones sense of being in the present, but it has also been used to describe a nonmeditative state in which subjects set aside their mental distractions to pay greater attention to the here and now, as in the work of Harvard psych…
Variations
- Another challenge involves sorting through the many variations of meditative practice. Recent scientific exploration has largely focused on the secular practice of mindful meditation, but meditation is also a component of several ancient religious traditions, with variations. Even within the community practicing secular mindful meditation, there are variations that may be scientific…
Resources
- For more information about the Mindfulness & Meditation program at Harvard University, visit its website.
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