doctrine where attorney is responsible for actions of paralegal

by Drew Turcotte 8 min read

Appropriate supervision is key because a lawyer is ultimately responsible for all the actions of any paralegal under their employ. Most law firms would never risk hiring a new lawyer without conducting a conflict check, and the same should be true for paralegals.

Model Rule 5.3 requires a lawyer having direct supervisory authority over a paralegal to make reasonable efforts to ensure that the person's conduct is compatible with the professional obligations of the lawyer.

Full Answer

Who disciplines a paralegal for a violation of an ethical duty?

lawyerIn some circumstances, a California lawyer can be disciplined by the State Bar for a paralegal's misconduct.

How is the paralegal profession regulated by attorney ethical codes how is it regulated by paralegal codes of ethics?

Paralegals are regulated indirectly by attorney ethical rules, by ethical codes created by NFPA and NALA, and by guidelines on the utilization of paralegals, which define the status and function of paralegals and the scope of their authorized activities.

Why is it important for a paralegal to follow the same ethical rules as the attorney?

If paralegals breach legal ethics, serious sanctions can result, including suspension or revocation of your paralegal license, a fine, loss of your job, or, if there was criminal activity, referral to the appropriate authorities. Legal ethics for paralegals are similar to those for lawyers.

What are the ethical obligations of a paralegal?

A PARALEGAL SHALL MAINTAIN A HIGH STANDARD OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT. EC-1.3 (a) A paralegal shall refrain from engaging in any conduct that offends the dignity and decorum of proceedings before a court or other adjudicatory body and shall be respectful of all rules and procedures.

Do ethical rules apply to paralegals?

A paralegal must adhere strictly to the accepted standards of legal ethics and to the general principles of proper conduct.

What does NFPA stand for paralegal?

National Federation of Paralegal AssociationsAbout NFPA - Introduction | National Federation of Paralegal Associations.

What are the three ethical issues of which paralegals must be particularly aware?

These are requirements of Competence, Diligence, and Professional Integrity, requirements of Client Confidentiality, rules concerning Conflicts of Interest, responsibilities of supervisory lawyers' regarding nonlawyer assistants; and prohibitions concerning the Unauthorized Practice of Law.

How can a paralegal provide support to both the attorney and client when a matter is referred?

How can a paralegal provide support to both the attorney and client when a matter is referred? Paralegals must understand the legal problem involved which must be referred. Paralegals should ensure to obtain all the necessary required information before referring the case to the attorney.

What if a paralegal makes a mistake?

All errors should be reported to the supervising attorney. The worst thing you can do is try to cover up a mistake. Regardless of how serious the error is, you are more likely to be written up or fired if you try to cover up the error or fix it yourself.

What are four things that a paralegal Cannot do?

Ethical rules for paralegals to followParalegals cannot establish an attorney-client relationship. ... Paralegals are prohibited from setting client fees. ... Paralegals are not permitted to give legal advice. ... Paralegals are not allowed to represent clients in court. ... Proper supervision. ... Conflict screening. ... Confidentiality.More items...•

What can a paralegal do without an attorney?

As mentioned, a paralegal cannot give out legal advice and they do not have full authorisation to sign legal documents. A paralegal can work as a freelancer and choose to specialise which allows for an increased salary.

What does Nala stand for paralegal?

The National Association of Legal AssistantsThe National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA) advocates for and encourages diversity, equity, and inclusion within the paralegal profession.

What are the tasks of paralegals?

These tasks include: • conducting legal research; writing legal memos; drafting pleadings and briefs;

What do lawyers rely on?

Lawyers rely on paralegals to perform a wide range of tasks. Some limit the work of paralegals to organizing and maintaining files. Others call upon them to render services that are commonly viewed as lawyers’ tasks. Whether relying on paralegals to fill a role at either end of this spectrum or somewhere in between, the duty upon the lawyer is the same — to properly train and supervise them to ensure that they do not take any action that may violate a Disciplinary Rule. The incentive for lawyers to satisfy this responsibility is twofold. First, the Disciplinary Rules specifically require lawyers to adequately supervise non-lawyers working for them. Second, if a paralegal’s actions constitute a violation of the Disciplinary Rules, it is the “supervising” lawyers who face discipline, not the paralegal.

What is adequate supervision?

Definition of Adequate Supervision. The task of training and supervising paralegals is a significant part of a lawyer’s and law firm’s obligations under the Disciplinary Rules.

Can a paralegal practice law?

Ethics is one of the most important aspects of working in the field of law. As a paralegal, you cannot legally practice law. However, you are still bound by the same ethics that bind attorneys.

What is gray area in paralegal work?

While some decisions are easy to make, such as not doing something if it is illegal, some fall into a “gray area.” Depending on the field and type of work you do, you could find yourself facing client confidentiality, disclosure laws, and legal technicalities. A good guide for navigating these tricky, gray areas is to ask yourself if it violates anything in the attorney’s code of conduct. In addition, you can look to guidance from your paralegal association. If you become part of an association or paralegal network, you can come into contact with others who experience the same dilemmas and can offer sound advice.

What is a partner in a law firm?

A partner, and a lawyer who individually or together with other lawyers possesses comparable managerial authority in a law firm shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that the firm has in effect measures giving reasonable assurance that the person’s conduct is compatible with the professional obligations of the lawyer;

What is the American Bar Association?

The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary association, but many attorneys are members. This important body has adopted the Model Rules of Professional Conduct to maintain the standards of attorneys across the nation.

What is the difference between a paralegal and a lawyer?

The greatest differences between lawyers and paralegals are that lawyers give legal advice, can set fees, appear as counsel of record in court, and sign pleadings (and other court documents) in a representative capacity. A paralegal who attempts to do any of these acts will be in violation of the unauthorized practice of law statutes in most U.S. states. Paralegals are responsible for handling tasks such as legal writing, research, and other forms of documentation for the lawyers for whom they work.

What is the role of a paralegal in the United States?

The role that a paralegal has in the United States is similar to the role of a law clerk or legal assistant in Ontario. Many paralegals in Ontario work in the areas of permitted practice for paralegals and also work alongside lawyers in areas of practice that are only permitted to be practiced by lawyers.

What is a paralegal?

A paralegal is the professional of legal science that performs procedures autonomously or semi autonomously, as part of a legal assistance system, and performs tasks that require understanding of the legislation for its proper execution. They also work in support or assist professionals related to the legal area of a consultative ...

Is a paralegal a professional?

In the United States, a paralegal is protected from some forms of professional liability under the theory that paralegals are working as an enhancement of an attorney, who takes ultimate responsibility for the supervision of the paralegal's work and work product.

What is a paralegal in Canada?

In Canada, paralegals (except in Ontario) are generally trained assistants who assist lawyers, and work under the supervision of lawyers. Paralegals are not regulated by legislation (except in Ontario) and are not professionals in their own right. Some provinces (such as British Columbia) allow lawyers to designate certain paralegals to provide additional services to clients. However, lawyers remain fully responsible for all action or omission of the designated paralegals.

Is a paralegal licensed in Ontario?

Ontario. In Ontario, paralegals are licensed by the Law Society of Ontario. Ontario is with Washington State the only jurisdiction in the western hemisphere where paralegals are licensed and the profession is regulated as officers of the court.

Is it illegal to be a paralegal in Ontario?

It is illegal for paralegals in Ontario to independently practice in an area of law that is permitted only for lawyers. An example of this is family law, or an indictable offence in criminal law. All lawyers and paralegals who practice law and provide legal services in Ontario, are required to complete the CPD program.

What is a paralegal?

A legal assistant or paralegal is a person qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible. (Adopted by the ABA in 1997)

What are the canons of ethics?

The canons of ethics set forth hereafter are adopted by the National Association of Legal Assistants, Inc., as a general guide intended to aid paralegals and attorneys. The enumeration of these rules does not mean there are not others of equal importance although not specifically mentioned.

What is Canon 2?

Canon 2 - A paralegal may perform any task which is properly delegated and supervised by an attorney, as long as the attorney is ultimately responsible to the client, maintains a direct relationship with the client, and assumes professional responsibility for the work product.

Can an attorney introduce a paralegal?

Attorneys should promptly introduce paralegals to clients, as well as courts and other attorneys, by name and title. See, Guideline 4 of the ABA Model Guidelines for the Utilization of Paralegal Services (PDF). Using titles usually reserved for attorneys, such as "associate" or "counsel," is misleading and must be avoided.

Can paralegals represent clients in court?

Generally, paralegals may not represent clients in court, take depositions, or sign pleadings. Some federal and state administrative agencies, however, do permit nonlawyer practice. See, for example, Social Security Administration. Check with specific agency to determine whether nonlawyer practice is authorized.

Why is it important to be a paralegal?

Paralegals can be a key element in that team, especially in fostering cost efficiency.

What is a paralegal?

A paralegal is a person, qualified by education, training or work experience, who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency, or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible. ( ABA House of Delegates, 2020)

When did the ABA start a committee on paralegals?

The ABA endorsed the use of paralegals in 1967 and established the first committee on paralegals in 1968. Since 1975, the ABA has approved paralegal programs that satisfy the rigorous standards of the ABA Guidelines for the Approval of Paralegal Education Programs (PDF).

Can a paralegal give legal advice?

Paralegals may not establish the attorney's relationship with the client or set fees to be charged, and may not give legal advice to a client. See, Guideline 3 of the ABA Model Guidelines for the Utilization of Paralegal Services (PDF).

Is paralegal work considered clerical work?

Your paralegal's substantive legal work (i.e., not clerical work) may be billed directly to the client just as an attorney's work is billed, or considered in setting a flat fee just as an attorney's work would be.

Official Definitions

  • Various professional organizations offer varying definitions of a paralegal. 1. From the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA) [US]: "A paralegal is a person, qualified through education, training or work experience to perform substantive legal work that requires knowledge of legal concepts and is customarily, but not exclusively, pe...
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Difference from Legal Secretaries

  • A legal secretary is generally a secretary who has a basic understanding of legal terminology and the specific formatting required by a particular court or government agency. Legal secretaries are also typically responsible for keeping case files organized and indexed, often taking on the duties of a file clerk. Although legal secretaries may be trained to prepare some basic legal papers and …
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Education, Training, and Certification

  • Many paralegals have completed a formal paralegal education program. Others have only on-the-job paralegal training. Formal paralegal education programs may result in a certificate, diploma, higher diploma, advanced diploma, associate degree, bachelor's degree, master's degree, or paralegal certificate.Many paralegals have completed all of their training before entering the pro…
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Economics

  • Paralegals exist precisely because they are not lawyers and thus can do the work more cheaply.Other than expertise, the main constraint on what work a paralegal can or cannot do tends to be local rules that reserve particular activities to lawyers. Some jurisdictions have a reserved activities list. According to United States law,[citation needed]there are five specific act…
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Paralegal Medical Consultants

  • Some attorneys who practice in fields involving medical care have only a limited knowledge of healthcare and medical concepts and terminology. Therefore, legal medical consultants which are professional physicians, physician assistants, paramedics, nurses and respiratory therapists, have become fully trained as paralegals in the manner described above and assist behind the scenes …
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by Country

  • Australia
    Australia has a distinct regime for the utilization of paralegals. According to one paralegal studiesscholar: Furthermore, Australian paralegals have "little formal recognition of, or status accorded" them, yet they "require specialist education."
  • Canada
    In Canada, paralegals (except in Ontario) are generally trained assistants who assist lawyers, and work under the supervision of lawyers. Paralegals are not regulated by legislation (except in Ontario) and are not professionals in their own right.Some provinces (such as British Columbia) …
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in Popular Culture

  • Perhaps the most famous paralegal to be portrayed in media and popular culture is Erin Brockovich, a real legal clerk whose participation in a toxic tort case became a major motion picture. In the movie Eagle Eye (2008) starring Shia LaBeouf and Michelle Monaghan, Monaghan plays a single mom who works as a paralegal. The Perry Mason novel, television and movie seri…
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See Also

External Links