A citation to a consecutively paginated* journal article includes the following six elements:Author's full name as it appears on the article.Title of the article (underlined or italicized)Volume number.Journal title abbreviation (see Table 13)First page of the article.Date of publication.
The first in-text citation would be: (American Bar Association [ABA], Center for Professional Responsibility, 2013).
United States District CourtsName of the case (underlined or italicized and abbreviated according to Rule 10.2)Volume of the Federal Supplement.Reporter abbreviation ("F. Supp." or "F. Supp. 2d")First page of the case.Name of the court (abbreviated according to Rule 10.4)Year the case was decided.
There are generally four elements in a citation to a statute in the United States Code:The title number.The abbreviation of the code used (here, U.S.C.)The section symbol (§) followed by a space and the section number containing the statute.The year of the code. (optional if citing to the current code - Bluebook R.
The proper bluebook citation for nonconsecutively paginated journals and magazines is: author, title of work (in italics), periodical name (in small caps), date of issue as it is on the cover, the word at, first page of the work.
New York Law Journal—cite as: Case Name, N.Y.L.J., date, p. __, col. __ (_____ Ct., _____ Co.).
Never abbreviate “United States.” Reporter information (volume, reporter name, first page of case, and internal pages) - Cite federal cases to the reporters listed in T. 1 of the Bluebook.
Abbreviations to Federal Court ReportersAbbreviationTitleS.Ct.Supreme Court ReporterL.E. L.E. 2dUnited States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers' EditionF. F.2d F.3dFederal ReporterF. App'xFederal Appendix8 more rows•Mar 1, 2021
Do not use spaces within any part of the reporter citation (e.g. F. Supp. 2d, not F. Supp.
The U.S. Code is the actual law that Congress enacted and it is also the legal evidence of the law. Further, for sections of the U.S. Code where Congress enacted the underlying statute before the applicable title became positive law, there is no longer any non-repealed statute to which to refer.
United States Code Annotated It provides the text of the act (language used in the U.S.C.), key numbers and topics, index, popular name table, and citations to secondary sources and case law. The U.S.C.A. is available electronically from Westlaw Next. It is updated annually with a pocket part.
About the United States Code The United States Code, is the codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. It is divided by broad subjects into 53 titles and published by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Author Last Name, First Name. “Article title.” Journal Title, vol. #, issue #, publication date, page numbers. Website Name, URL.
Law Review (Year). Title, sentence style capitalization. Journal name, volume, starting page.
The basic format is as follows: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical, Day Month Year, pages.
The Bluebook contains rules that prescribe how to cite a variety of legal documents. There are too many rules for this introductory guide to cover. However, the following are rules and examples for other types of legal documents that many first-year law students may need to cite in addition to cases and statutes.
U.S. or the state abbreviation (see Table 10) Const. (The Bluebook's abbreviation for constitution) Section or subdivision . For example, here is how you would cite the provision of the U.S. Constitution that says that each state shall have two Senators: U.S. Const. art. I, § 3, cl. 1.
A citation to a U.S. federal regulation in the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) includes four elements: C.F.R. title number. C.F.R. (The Bluebook's abbreviation for the Code of Federal Regulations) Section symbol and specific section cited. Date of code edition cited.
First-year law students will likely need to cite to depositions, interrogatories, or trial transcripts in the record in order to develop facts for briefs. As a general rule of thumb, you must cite to the record for every factual assertion you make in a brief.
The first citation to the Federal Register should always include (i) the volume, (ii) the abbreviated form “Fed. Reg.”, (iii) the page number, (iv) the date, and (v) important identifying information such as “proposed rule,” “interim rule,” “supplementary information,” or the citation where the rule will appear .
(i) Full Citations - Whenever citing a statute for the first time, be certain to include all the pertinent information, including the name of the statute, its public law number, statutory cite, and a parenthetical identifying where the statute was codified (if applicable), e.g., Child Citizenship Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-395, 114 Stat. 1631. The only exception is the Immigration and Nationality Act, which is illustrated below.
Because sources of legislative history (i.e., the Congressional materials leading up to the passage of a law such as committee reports ) are often difficult to locate, parties should err on the side of providing more information, rather than less. If a source is difficult to locate, include a copy of the source with your filing (or an Internet address for it) and make clear reference to that source in your filing.
Since the Federal Register does not use commas in its page numbers, do not use a comma in page numbers. Use abbreviations for the month.
a. the citation is to information that will never appear in the C.F.R., such as a public notice or announcement;
(A) General Guidance - There are two kinds of publications in the Federal Register: those that are simply informative in nature (such as “notices” of public meetings) and those that are regulatory in nature (referred to as “rules”). There are different types of “rules,” including “proposed,” “interim,” and “final.” The type of rule will determine whether or not (and for how long) the regulatory language contained in that rule will be in effect. Generally speaking, proposed rules are not law and do not have any effect on any case, while interim and final rules do have the force of law and, depending on timing, may affect a given case.#N#Regulations appear first in the Federal Register (Fed. Reg.) and then in the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.). Once regulations appear in a volume of the C.F.R., do not cite to the Federal Register unless there is a specific reason to do so (discussed below).
EOIR appreciates but does not require citations that follow the examples used in this Appendix.
Rule 16 of The Bluebook (21st ed. 2020) covers the citation of law reviews.
Rule 23 of the ALWD Citation Manual (7th ed.) covers the citation of restatements.
Rule 20.3 of the ALWD Citation Manual (5th ed.) covers the citation of books.
When you are citing to a work that has been published by the same publisher more than once, you should cite the edition and the year it was published in the parentheses.
If a cited work has two authors, include both names in the same order as they appear in the original separated by an ampersand.
Law Review Typeface: Smallcaps for author names; italics for "Id." and "supra."
If the edition is from a different publisher than the original, you should note the publisher.
When you are citing a work that only has one edition, use the year of publication in the parentheses.
If this is the case, provide the individual's name, followed by the institutional name separated by a comma.
For more than two authors, provide the first name followed by "et al."
In all 3 citations, the format to cite a Supreme Court opinion is: Volume Number Source Publication Starting Page No.
Citations of both federal and state constitutions consist of two elements: The name of the constitution consisting of an abbreviation of the jurisdiction (U.S. for United States, and FL for Florida) followed by “Const.”. The cited part (identifier).
Important: According to the APA Publication Manual (2010, p.219), the year in parenthesis in the citation should be the publication date of the statutory compilation, which may be different from the year in the name of the act.
Note: The rank and affiliation of the person giving the testimony is not required.
Note: The Daily Edition includes the letters H, S , and E , before page numbers.
Note: There can be more than one entry (issue discussed) on one page of a day’s Congressional Record. A single Congressional Record citation, therefore, does not summarize all of the day’s events in Congress. For example, on the same page OF 141 Cong. Rec. 38585, 1995, there is also an entry for the Senate consideration of The Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994. The citation for that would be:
Each U.S. Supreme Court opinion will have 3 different parallel citations (U.S., Sup. Ct., L. Ed.), depending on the source of the opinion: US Reports, West Supreme Court Reporter, and Lexis Nexis Lawyer’s Edition, respectively. Below are 3 citations for the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court opinion these three sources.
Three important considerations when citing a government publication: 1 The “author” of any government material is almost always “institutional” — an agency, office, committee, department, etc. — not an individual person. 2 When in doubt, provide the full “hierarchy” of the issuing agency as author. 3 U.S. Federal Government "authors" in citations should begin with "United States" or "U.S."
Whenever possible and reasonable, include a complete title, even when it’s of unwieldy length, in order to differentiate between that item and others with similar titles.
It is always desirable to identify a report number or document, particularly with Congressional publications, as a means of differentiating among items with similar titles.
Again, an agency is almost always the “author” However, the same online document may appear on several different agencies’ Web sites, perhaps, result ing in different authors and/or titles for the same document.
The “author” of any government material is almost always “institutional” — an agency, office, committee, department, etc. — not an individual person.