attorney client how long do they have to keep the files

How long does an attorney have to retain a client file?

Attorneys are free to choose a longer or shorter term of retention of client files. Some permanent record should be maintained that describes the file and its disposition. The California Rules of Professional Conduct do not specify how long an attorney must retain a former client’s file.

How will my files be stored with lawyer?

Lawyer will scan and store all Client files in electronic PDF format and destroy all hard-copy (paper) files given to or received by Lawyer immediately after scanning. All files will be stored “in the cloud” using widely-used providers such as SugarSync and Dropbox.

How long do you need to keep legal documents?

The Model Rules suggest at least five years. See Model Rule 1.15 (a). Many states set this requirement at six years, and some set it even further out. However, for certain types of legal matters, you must keep the files even longer. These include, among others, issues that deal with: Criminal matters.

How long should you preserve your client’s records?

The five-year period is drawn by analogy to rule 4-100(B)(3), Rules of Professional Conduct, requiring that attorneys preserve for five years records and accountings of funds, securities, and other properties of clients coming into their possession.

How long should you keep client files?

The Model Rules suggest at least five years. See Model Rule 1.15(a). Many states set this requirement at six years, and some set it even further out. However, for certain types of legal matters, you must keep the files even longer.

How long are attorneys required to keep files California?

five yearsIt is those records and accounts that the attorney is required to maintain "for a period of no less than five years after final appropriate distribution of such funds or properties; and [to] comply with any order for an audit of such records issued pursuant to the Rules of Procedure of the State Bar." (Rule 4-100(B)(3) ...

How long do law firms keep emails?

between three to seven yearsEmail Retention Laws in the 50 States Most laws require periods of email retention between three to seven years on average (with some requiring indefinite retention), as seen in the “Industry” section below.

What is a document retention policy?

A document retention policy is also referred to as a records retention policy, records and information management policy, recordkeeping policy, or records maintenance policy. It codifies an organization's expectations for how its data is handled, from creation to destruction.

How long does an attorney have to keep client files in Texas?

5 yearsRule 15.10 of the Texas Rules of Disciplinary Procedure requires that trust account records must be retained for 5 years, and Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 76a considers certain settlement agreements and discovery materials to be court records that must not be destroyed.

Does a lawyer keep a copy of a will?

If a solicitor writes your will, they will usually store the original free of charge and give you a copy – but ask them to make sure. Most solicitors will also store a will they didn't write, but there will probably be a fee.

How many years of emails should you keep?

Even emails that contain information about everyday workplace matters, such as sickness records or maternity pay, are required to be kept for 3 years. Many businesses will find that, because of these legal provisions, it is safest to keep emails for around 7 years.

Does the United States have data retention laws?

There are no mandatory data retention laws in the United States of America.

What is email retention policy?

An Email Retention Policy (ERP) is a defined procedure prescribing how long emails should remain within an archiving solution before being erased. It is relied upon as a legal protection if proof of email communication is needed for a court case or to satisfy governmental regulations.

How long should I keep documents?

KEEP 3 TO 7 YEARS Knowing that, a good rule of thumb is to save any document that verifies information on your tax return—including Forms W-2 and 1099, bank and brokerage statements, tuition payments and charitable donation receipts—for three to seven years.

Why documents are retained?

A document retention policy will identify documents that need to be maintained and contain guidelines for how long certain documents should be kept and how they should be destroyed. provide for the routine destruction of non-business, superfluous and outdated documents.

Why is it important for a client to have and follow the terms of a retention and destruction policy?

Improperly managing your records can create security concerns for customers and your employees. It's important to make sure that your retention policy addresses security and duration of storage, and also includes a secure destruction option for outdated or purged records.

How long should a civil attorney keep client records?

The Los Angeles County Bar Association concluded that a civil attorney should retain potentially significant papers and property in the former client’s file for at least five years analogous to Rule 4-100 (B) (3) of the California Rules of Professional Conduct, which requires an attorney to maintain all records of client funds and other properties that the client provided to the attorney for at least five years .

How long do you have to keep a client's file in California?

The California Rules of Professional Conduct do not specify how long an attorney must retain a former client’s file. Specifically, Rule 3-700 (D) (1) does not set a minimum amount of time that an attorney must keep the former client’s file, nor does it explain when, if ever, particular items in the former client’s file may be discarded or destroyed.

What happens if an attorney inspects a file?

If the attorney has reason to believe that the file contains items that are required by law to be retained or that the client will reasonably need to establish a right or a defense to a claim, the attorney should inspect the file for such items and should retain such items for the period required by law or according to the reasonably foreseeable needs of the client. The balance of the file may then be destroyed.

Is physical space necessary for client files?

Physical space may not be as great an issue in the digital age regarding the storage of client files, but the fact remains that the storage of client files is necessary for some time. But how long?

Can an attorney foresee the future utility of the information contained in a criminal case?

In criminal matters, the attorney cannot foresee the future utility of the information contained in the file. The Committee concludes, therefore, that it is incumbent on the attorney in a criminal matter to obtain some specific written instruction from the client authorizing the destruction of the file. Absent such written instruction, the attorney ...

Does California have a retention period?

Although California courts have not yet addressed the retention period, several bar associations within the state, including the State Bar of California, have provided non-binding guidance on this issue. As a threshold matter, these bar associations have recognized a distinction between civil and criminal cases for purposes of the retention period.

Can an attorney destroy a client's property?

If the attorney has no reason to believe that the items proposed to be destroyed include items required by law to be maintained or that would be reasonably necessary to the former client to establish a right or a defense to a claim, then if the former client cannot be located by any reasonable means, or fails to respond to the notice after a reasonable time, the attorney may destroy the items.

What to do when a lawyer and client agree to retain client documents?

If a lawyer and client agree the lawyer retains the client documents, state it in writing. Spell out the specifics on the lawyer's responsibilities, storage, and retrieval fees.

What happens when a law firm closes a file?

When a file closes, the primary lawyer reviews the file and sets the destruction date. Of course, a situation may arise during the retention period that changes the date. If so, the law firm should have a system in place that identifies when the destruction date changes.

Why is it important to keep client files concise and organized?

The important thing is to keep the client file concise and organized. Simplify file management and retrieval. If documents are in several locations create a single point of access.

How to store a closed file?

Store a closed file onsite at the law firm or in another location. Either way, maintain confidentiality and security. Encrypt files stored electronically. Have a backup system in place to protect against loss or damage.

Why is accurate record important?

Accurate records protect the law firm from improper record handling. It eliminates charges that destruction of a client file was random.

Why is retention important?

Protection Against Malpractice Charges. One reason for retention is to protect the firm against allegations of malpractice. It's vital when the case documents are the only evidence available for defense against a claim. This can happen when information from other sources isn't available.

What is file retention?

File retention is a critical issue when a law firm merges, adds or loses partners, or closes. An established retention and destruction policy determines who handles the files.

How long do you retain a client's legal documents?

Except for materials governed by paragraphs (d), (e) and (f), a lawyer shall take reasonable measures to retain a client’s file in a matter until at least six years have elapsed after completion of the matter or termination of the representation in the matter unless (i) the lawyer has transferred the file or items to the client or successor counsel, or as otherwise directed by the client, or (ii) the client agrees in writing to an alternative arrangement for the file’s custody or destruction, provided, however, that files relating to the representation of a minor shall be retained until at least six years after the minor reaches the age of majority. If the client has not requested the file within six years after completion or termination of the representation or within six years after a minor reaches the age of majority, the file may be destroyed except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) below.

Who retains client files in criminal cases?

Criminal defense counsel and defense counsel in delinquency cases shall retain a client’s files as follows: (1) for the life of the client if the matter resulted in a conviction and a sentence of death or life imprisonment with or without the possibility of parole; and.

What is reasonable measures to ensure that the destruction of all or any portion of a client file shall be carried out in?

A lawyer shall take reasonable measures to ensure that the destruction of all or any portion of a client file shall be carried out in a manner consistent with all applicable confidentiality obligations.

What is a client's file?

For purposes of this Rule, the client’s file consists of the following physical and electronically stored materials: (1) all papers, documents, and other materials, whether in physical or electronic form, that the client supplied to the lawyer; (2) all correspondence relating to the matter, whether in physical or electronic form;

Can a lawyer destroy a client's file?

A lawyer shall not destroy a client’s file if the lawyer knows or reasonably should know that: (1) a lawsuit or other legal claim related to the client matter is pending or anticipated; (2) a criminal or other governmental investigation related to the client matter is pending or anticipated; or.

Can a lawyer refuse to make available materials in a client's file?

Notwithstanding anything in this paragraph (b) to the contrary, a lawyer may not refuse, on grounds of nonpayment, to make available materials in the client's file when retention would unfairly prejudice the client.

Can a lawyer make a client's file available to a client?

A lawyer must make the client’s file available to a client or former client within a reasonable time following the client's or former client’s request for his or her file, provided however, that: (1) the lawyer may at the lawyer’s own expense retain copies of documents turned over to the client;

How long do you keep a lawyer's property?

. . . Complete records of such account funds and other property shall be kept by the lawyer and shall be preserved for a period of five years after termination of the representation.

Where are lawyers files stored?

All files will be stored “in the cloud” using widely-used providers such as SugarSync and Dropbox.

What is a copy of accounting?

copies of accountings to clients or third persons showing the disbursement of funds to them or on their behalf;

What is a ledger record for a trust?

ledger records for all client trust accounts showing, for each separate trust client or beneficiary, the source of all funds deposited, the names of all persons for whom the funds are or were held, the amount of such funds, the descriptions and amounts of charges or withdrawals, and the names of all persons or entities to whom such funds were disbursed;

What is the entire file approach?

A majority of jurisdictions follow what is referred to as the “entire file” approach. In those jurisdictions, at the termination of a representation, a lawyer must surrender papers and property related to the representation in the lawyer’s possession unless the lawyer establishes that a specific exception applies and that certain papers or property may be properly withheld.

What does a lawyer's file not include?

However, it does not include every scrap of paper and every bit of electronic information in the lawyer’s possession. Among other materials, the “file” does not include: materials that would violate a duty of nondisclosure to another person; materials containing a lawyer’s assessment of the client; materials containing information which ...

Can a lawyer store files?

A lawyer clearly has no duty to store permanently the files of a former client. See, e.g., Bd. Of Prof’l Resp. of the Sup. Ct. of Tn., Formal Op. 2015-F-160 (Dec. 11, 2015) (citing D.C. Bar Op. 206 (1989); ABA Informal Op. 1384 (1977)). ↵

How long do lawyers retain client files?

DIGEST: With certain important exceptions, a lawyer has no ethical duty to retain closed client files (or other documents held by the lawyer owned by third parties) for an indefinite period when neither the client nor the third party requests their return. The exceptions are original documents of intrinsic value such as wills, deeds, or negotiable instruments, as well as documents that the lawyer knows or should know that the client or third party may need in the future. Apart from these documents, a lawyer has an ethical duty to retain for seven years certain books and records concerning an attorney-client relationship, and any documents otherwise required by law to maintain.

How long do you have to keep client files?

13. Apart from the foregoing, neither the Rules nor our precedents require maintenance of client files belonging to current or prior clients or other persons for any specific period unless the law, whether by statute, regulations, or rules or orders of court, say the contrary. The City Bar’s Opinion 2010-1 said that some jurisdictions require retention periods of five or six years. Onecommentator observed that Illinois Bar Association Committee on Professional Ethics Opinion 17-02, having reviewed resources from various states, and the retention periods dictated by them (some of which were as long as 10 years), arrived at the conclusion that a general default retention period of seven years for ordinary closed file materials is reasonable. J. Rogers, Usually Okay to Destroy Client Files After Seven Years, 33 Law. Man. Prof. Conduct 170 (2017), This may be so, but unless some law, regulation, rule, or order says as much, our view is that the Rules alone impose no such obligation, and that therefore a lawyer, in the absence of a legal duty or an owner’s instructions, may dispose of files belonging to current or prior clients or other persons at any time except for those in the categories mentioned above.

What is client file?

14. It is not uncommon for files called “client files” to contain materials that belong to the custodial law firm. Whether certain materials in the file – purely internal memoranda written to assist the firm in providing advice, a lawyer’s handwritten notes of a meeting – belong to the client or the lawyer is an often litigated issue pivoting on, among other things, legal doctrines such as the work product privilege. We avoid entering into this fray except to say that a law firm may have a possessory interest in some of these kinds of documents and, if the law firm does so,then the lawyer may dispose of them as the lawyer sees fit unless a legal duty (compulsory process being an instance) exists to require their preservation.

What is the inquirer in a law firm?

1. The inquirer is a New York attorney who acquired a partnership interest in a law firm some years ago. Upon the inquirer’s arrival, the firm was, we are told, in a state of disarray in both its financial and administrative affairs. The prospect of the firm’s insolvency looms. Of particular concern to the inquirer in the context of a possible dissolution are the files of thousands of clients and former clients of the firm. The inquirer says that most of these files are stale and without connection to any ongoing client of the firm. The costs of disposal of the files,by whatever means, would be substantial.

What is the duty of a lawyer to keep client files?

In general, an attorney’s duty to maintain a client’s closed file is a duty that every law firm partner owes to every past firm client, no matter when the individual partner joined the firm, and a duty that continues during and after the firm’s dissolution. Nevertheless, except for original documents of intrinsic value or those a lawyer knows or should know the client or a third party may need in the future, nothing in the Rules obligates a lawyer to maintain storage of closed and unsought client files, with the important caveats that a lawyer has certain bookkeeping duties about current and prior representations and that the lawyer must abide by whatever law may apply to the preservation of certain records.

How long do lawyers keep records?

15. But other duties remain. Rule 1.15 (d) imposes on a lawyer or law firm the duty to maintain certain specific records for a period of seven years, a duty that, like its parallel in the Code, Rule 1.15 (h) extends to former partners or a successor firm in the event of dissolution,merger, or sale. In brief summary, these duties of retention are to keep for seven years: (1)complete records of all banking transactions affecting the lawyer’s practice; (2) complete records of all special accounts; (3) copies of all retainer and compensation agreements with clients; (4)copies of all statements to clients or others of disbursements of funds on behalf of clients or the others; (5) copies of all client bills; (6) copies of all payments to lawyers, investigators or other persons, not in the lawyer’s employ, for services rendered; (7) copies of all retainer and closing statements filed with the Office of Court Administration; and (8) all checkbooks, bank statements and related documents. Some lawyers keep some of these documents only in the client file associated with the services rendered on the client’s behalf, and Rule 1.15 (d) means that a law firm must segregate these documents for saving if the client file is otherwise discarded.

Do attorney-client burdens follow solely from the attorney-client relationship?

Such burdens do not follow solely from the attorney-client relationship, and are not dependent on the payment of fees; rather, the burdens of custody as prescribed by the Code are inherent in the lawyer’s enjoyment of his professional status, and his concomitant obligations to the public generally.

How long do you have to retain a client's file in Florida?

There is no Florida Bar rule requiring retention greater than six years following the conclusion of the matter. * To forestall potential problems, at the time of engagement attorneys should explain the file retention policy and retention period. In Florida, client files are property of the attorney and not the client; however, ...

How long do you keep a tax file?

The grand total for file retention has been put by experts at anywhere from seven to 15 years; clearly, there is much room for subjective judgment on the part of the firm, although a conservative interpretation is probably called for. In addition, files for some matter types often are retained permanently, such as tax and estate planning files.

What is a good retention policy?

First, the client should be made aware in the initial agreement what will happen to client documents and client files , and under what circumstances. Second, the policy should provide the person responsible for closing out a file clear guidance on what information should be kept and what information may be discarded. Finally, the policy should specify the length of time the remaining material will be kept, as well as where materials will be stored.

Why is permanent storage important?

Permanent storage of digitized files is space-efficient and prevents any future disputes over file contents , but it can be time-intensive. While scanning files has an important role in law firm file retention policies, it should not be regarded as a panacea. It is still necessary, for example, to examine the file to see what must be returned to the client. In addition, it is not physically possible to scan some client property into one’s files. And, finally, someone has to scan the documents. So, while it is tempting to construct a policy that consists mainly of “scan everything and keep it forever,” this is generally not practical or wise when an additional factor is the labor dollars to “scan everything.”

What are the most difficult questions that Bar Ethics staff answer?

This is among the most difficult questions that Bar ethics staff answer, because it breeds a number of other questions: Does the file contain original client records? If so, what are the ethical obligations to return originals to a client? Do the files contain transactions that were of a contingent nature? If so, what are the ethical obligations? Were trust funds involved? And, so on.

Why do firms scan documents?

Scanned Files Given the above complexities, many firms are turning to scanning files as a means of avoiding the question of what to retain and for how long. The Florida Bar Ethics Opinion 06-1 addresses this issue. “Lawyers may, but are not required to, store files electronically unless: a statute or rule requires retention of an original document, the original document is the property of the client, or destruction of a paper document adversely affects the client’s interests. Files stored electronically must be readily reproducible and protected from inadvertent modification, degradation, or destruction.”

What is the final step in the file closing process?

An important step in the file-closing process is the final review by the attorney. Once the file is closed, it should be “stripped” or “culled.”. In other words, the attorney on the case should review the file and approve the removal and destruction of unnecessary material.

How long do attorneys retain client files?

475 (1994) of the Los Angeles County Bar Association, Professional Responsibility and Ethics Committee, recommends a minimum retention period of five years past the date the matter was closed for attorneys' client files. The five-year period is drawn by analogy to rule 4-100(B)(3), Rules of Professional Conduct, requiring that attorneys preserve for five years records and accountings of funds, securities, and other properties of clients coming into their possession. As stated in footnote 2 above, this Committee does not believe that rule 4-100 is intended to address the retention of files; nor does the Committee believe that a file retention period of five years is in all cases required.

How long do you have to keep records of a lawyer?

It is those records and accounts that the attorney is required to maintain "for a period of no less than five years after final appropriate distribution of such funds or properties; and [to] comply with any order for an audit of such records issued pursuant to the Rules of Procedure of the State Bar.".

What are the duties of a probate attorney?

As to original papers and other property received from a former client, including estate planning and other signed, original documents delivered under Probate Code section 710, the attorney's duties are governed by the law relating to deposits (bailments) or by the Probate Code. With respect to other "client papers and property" to which the former client is entitled under rule 3-700, absent a previous agreement, the attorney has an obligation to make reasonable efforts to obtain the former client's consent to any disposition that would prevent the former client's taking possession of the items. If, after reasonable efforts, the attorney is unable to locate the former client or obtain instructions, the attorney may destroy the items unless he or she has reason to believe (1) that preservation of the items is required by law, or (2) that destruction of the items would cause prejudice to the client, i.e., that the items are reasonably necessary to the client's legal representation. Since the "client papers and property" to which the former client is entitled may include a variety of items, the attorney may have an obligation to examine the file contents before the file is destroyed. No specific time period for retention of a particular item can be specified. Files in criminal matters should not be destroyed without the former client's consent while the former client is alive.

How long do you have to keep business records in California?

4Papers and property to which the former client is entitled may include original items that are of monetary or historical interest or that are subject to record retention requirements under state or federal law. While required retention periods of no more than three years are most common, California law imposes requirements of as long as eight years for certain employment records and six years for certain tax and corporate records. A maze of state and federal regulations govern retention of records relating to environmental matters (See Legal Requirements for Business Records: State Requirements (Skupsky and Montana edits., Information Requirements Clearing House, 4th ed. 1997); and Legal Requirements for Business Records: Federal Requirements (Skupsky and Montana edits., Information Requirements Clearing House, 4th ed. 1996).

Why is acceptance of client papers subject to law of deposit?

Acceptance by an attorney of original papers and other property from a client may create special problems because of potential statutory obligations. In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, acceptance of client papers and property delivered by the client is subject to the law of deposit. (Civ.

What should an attorney inspect for?

If the attorney has reason to believe that the file contains items that are required by law to be retained or that the client will reasonably need to establish a right or a defense to a claim, the attorney should inspect the file for such items and should retain such items for the period required by law or according to the reasonably foreseeable needs of the client. The balance of the file may be destroyed.

How long do you have to keep bankrupt records?

BAP 1995) 183 Bankr. 583 [1995 Bankr. LEXIS 813], where the files of a bankrupt debtor (an attorney) had been seized in violation of the automatic stay, the court (in dicta) read rule 4-100(B)(3) as requiring an attorney "to keep and maintain files for five years after the conclusion of a case." As noted above, rule 4-100(B)(3) does not refer to client files but to an attorney's record of funds, securities, and other properties of a client coming into the attorney's possession, and the obligation to render accounts. It is those records and accounts that the attorney is required to maintain "for a period of no less than five years after final appropriate distribution of such funds or properties; and [to] comply with any order for an audit of such records issued pursuant to the Rules of Procedure of the State Bar." (Rule 4-100(B)(3).)

How long should a lawyer keep client files?

In SC Bar Ethics Adv. Op. #98-33, we indicated, in the absence of an agreement with the client, the attorney should retain files for at least six years and may place the files on computer disks or other electronic media. Depending on the nature of the material, retention beyond six years may be necessary if destruction might prejudice the client. See SC Bar Ethics Adv. Op. #95-18. The safest course is to enter into a reasonable agreement with the client regarding file retention. SC Bar Ethics Adv. Op. #92-19.

What does "inactive client" mean in law?

Inactive clients refer to clients whose files have been closed due to completion or termination of the representation. As a practical matter, Lawyer B's continuing ethical obligations to those inactive clients may be limited. However, Lawyer B's agreement to take over the firm is tantamount to accepting representation of all the clients of the firm, the inactive clients of A become the inactive clients of Lawyer B, and the general duties any law firm owes its inactive clients remain.

How long has the law firm been in existence?

Law Firm has been in existence since 1989 and has maintained most client files at the conclusion of the legal matters. Lawyer A has been with the firm since its inception but is now ready to wind down his career. Lawyer B, who was hired in 1998, will remain with the firm. Lawyer B has had no contact with the vast majority of clients of the firm prior to 1998.

What happens if lawyer B purchases lawyer A's practice?

If Lawyer B purchases Lawyer A's practice pursuant to Rule 1.17, then Lawyer B should not take possession of the files of Lawyer A's former clients and is not obligated to them. If Lawyer B merely continues the existing firm's practice, then the files remain files of the firm and Lawyer B would be required to maintain those files as he would maintain any other file of the firm.

What are the obligations of a departing lawyer?

A departing lawyer and the lawyers remaining at a firm have ethical and legal obligations to firm clients and to each other, and both the firm and departing lawyer have legitimate business interests in the future practice of law. These duties and interests may be difficult to harmonize.

What are the ethics obligations of a lawyer?

Understanding relevant ethics obligations is a necessary step in reconciling lawyers’ departure-related duties, but it does not end the inquiry. Where ethics rules are silent, applicable law may impose duties. What the ethics rules permit, applicable law may limit or proscribe, particularly when it comes to the timing of communication with the firm and its clients and the copying or removal of firm property, intellectual or otherwise. 3 Private law firms are businesses, and lawyers must carry out their ethics obligations in conformance with their fiduciary duties, valid obligations in their employment or partnership agreements, and the applicable law of partnership, agency, property, contracts, and unfair competition. While these legal parameters are important, this article focuses exclusively on the ethics obligations of Missouri lawyers.

Why do lawyers have a fiduciary duty?

Because firm lawyers have a fiduciary duty to treat each other fairly and honestly, 16 most ethics advice strongly encourages lawyers to notify the firm of an impending departure before notifying clients. 17.

What is the rule for solicitation of clients after a lawyer resigns?

Even when ethics obligations to clients have been met by a lawyer pre-resignation, any post-departure solicitation of clients of a lawyer’s former firm must comply with Rule 4-7.3, Direct Contact with Prospective Clients. Although a lawyer’s fiduciary duty to the firm does not prohibit post-resignation competition with the former firm, lawyers should be mindful that applicable law may limit solicitation of firm clients. A lawyer who has left a law firm and provides false or misleading information to firm clients, or wrongfully uses the firm’s client list to contact clients in an effort to persuade them to change firms, may prompt claims at law by the firm. 32

What is a notice of departing attorney?

The primary purpose of the notice is to obtain the client’s informed direction as to whether the client wishes to be represented in the matter by the law firm , the departing attorney, or new counsel of the client’s choosing. 22 If the departing lawyer or firm is unable or unwilling to continue the representation post-departure, the client should be so informed, and the remaining available options for representation should be offered to the client. 23 The communication should be professional in nature and content and should not attempt to influence a client’s choice of counsel. 24 Client notice of this nature has long been an ethics obligation in Missouri. 25

What is notice of a lawyer's departure?

Notice of a lawyer’s departure from a firm need not be given to former clients of the departing lawyer or to all clients of the firm. Notice is to be provided to current clients for whom the lawyer has provided “material representation,” for it is those clients for whom the lawyer’s departure occasions a “material change” in the circumstances of the representation. 18 Other ethics advice describes the proper recipients of notice as clients with whom the departing lawyer has had “significant client contact.” 19 Because of the importance of providing clients with notice, it is advisable in a questionable case to err on the side of caution by informing the client. 20

Why should notice be given to the client?

Notice should be timed to serve the client’s best interest rather than the interests of the departing lawyer or firm. 27 If a lawyer’s departure will require withdrawal from the representation, Rule 4-1.16 (d) requires that a client’s interest be protected to the extent reasonably practicable, including the giving of reasonable notice to the client to allow the client time for employment of other counsel.